Department of Dermatology, Xijing hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shannxi, 710032, China.
Theranostics. 2020 Aug 7;10(22):9937-9955. doi: 10.7150/thno.45488. eCollection 2020.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), naturally secreted by almost all known cell types into extracellular space, can transfer their bioactive cargos of nucleic acids and proteins to recipient cells, mediating cell-cell communication. Thus, they participate in many pathogenic processes including immune regulation, cell proliferation and differentiation, cell death, angiogenesis, among others. Cumulative evidence has shown the important regulatory effects of EVs on the initiation and progression of inflammation, autoimmunity, and cancer. In dermatology, recent studies indicate that EVs play key immunomodulatory roles in inflammatory skin disorders, including psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, lichen planus, bullous pemphigoid, systemic lupus erythematosus, and wound healing. Importantly, EVs can be used as biomarkers of pathophysiological states and/or therapeutic agents, both as carriers of drugs or even as a drug by themselves. In this review, we will summarize current research advances of EVs from different cells and their implications in inflammatory skin disorders, and further discuss their future applications, updated techniques, and challenges in clinical translational medicine.
细胞外囊泡 (EVs) 几乎由所有已知的细胞类型自然分泌到细胞外空间，可将其生物活性的核酸和蛋白质货物转移到受体细胞，从而介导细胞间通讯。因此，它们参与许多致病过程，包括免疫调节、细胞增殖和分化、细胞死亡、血管生成等。越来越多的证据表明 EVs 对炎症、自身免疫和癌症的发生和进展具有重要的调节作用。在皮肤病学中，最近的研究表明 EVs 在炎症性皮肤疾病中发挥关键的免疫调节作用，包括银屑病、特应性皮炎、扁平苔藓、大疱性类天疱疮、系统性红斑狼疮和伤口愈合。重要的是，EVs 可作为病理生理状态的生物标志物和/或治疗剂，既可以作为药物载体，甚至可以作为药物本身。在这篇综述中，我们将总结来自不同细胞的 EVs 的最新研究进展及其在炎症性皮肤疾病中的意义，并进一步讨论它们在临床转化医学中的未来应用、更新的技术和挑战。
