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Cells. 2020 Sep 12;9(9):2086. doi: 10.3390/cells9092086.
Osteoclasts are the principal mediators of bone resorption. They form through the fusion of mononuclear precursor cells under the principal influence of the cytokines macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF, aka CSF-1) and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL, aka TNFSF11). Sexual dimorphism in the development of the skeleton and in the incidence of skeletal diseases is well described. In general, females, at any given age, have a lower bone mass than males. The reasons for the differences in the bone mass of the skeleton between women and men at various ages, and the incidence of certain metabolic bone diseases, are multitude, and include the actions of sex steroids, genetics, age, environment and behavior. All of these influence the rate that osteoclasts form, resorb and die, and frequently produce different effects in females and males. Hence, a variety of factors are responsible for the sexual dimorphism of the skeleton and the activity of osteoclasts in bone. This review will provide an overview of what is currently known about these factors and their effects on osteoclasts.
破骨细胞是骨吸收的主要介质。它们通过单核前体细胞在巨噬细胞集落刺激因子 (M-CSF，又称 CSF-1) 和核因子-κB 受体激活配体 (RANKL，又称 TNFSF11) 的主要影响下融合形成。骨骼发育和骨骼疾病发病率的性别二态性已有很好的描述。一般来说，女性在任何特定年龄的骨量都低于男性。不同年龄女性和男性骨骼骨量差异的原因，以及某些代谢性骨病的发病率，很多，包括性激素、遗传、年龄、环境和行为的作用。所有这些都影响破骨细胞的形成、吸收和死亡的速度，并且经常对女性和男性产生不同的影响。因此，多种因素导致了骨骼的性别二态性和破骨细胞在骨骼中的活性。这篇综述将概述目前已知的这些因素及其对破骨细胞的影响。
