Applied BioSciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia.
Australian Research Council Centre for Fruit Fly Biosecurity Innovation, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia.
Molecules. 2020 Sep 12;25(18):4185. doi: 10.3390/molecules25184185.
The cuticular layer of the insect exoskeleton contains diverse compounds that serve important biological functions, including the maintenance of homeostasis by protecting against water loss, protection from injury, pathogens and insecticides, and communication. (Froggatt) is the most destructive pest of fruit production in Australia, yet there are no published accounts of this species' cuticular chemistry. We here provide a comprehensive description of cuticular chemistry. We used gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to identify and characterize compounds in hexane extracts of adults reared from larvae in naturally infested fruits. The compounds found included spiroacetals, aliphatic amides, saturated/unsaturated and methyl branched C to C chain esters and C to C normal and methyl-branched alkanes. The spiroacetals and esters were found to be specific to mature females, while the amides were found in both sexes. Normal and methyl-branched alkanes were qualitatively the same in all age and sex groups but some of the alkanes differed in amounts (as estimated from internal standard-normalized peak areas) between mature males and females, as well as between mature and immature flies. This study provides essential foundations for studies investigating the functions of cuticular chemistry in this economically important species.
昆虫外骨骼的表皮层含有多种化合物，这些化合物具有重要的生物学功能，包括通过防止水分流失、抵御伤害、病原体和杀虫剂以及进行交流来维持体内平衡。（弗罗格特）是澳大利亚水果生产中最具破坏性的害虫，但目前还没有关于该物种表皮化学物质的报道。我们在这里全面描述了表皮化学物质。我们使用气相色谱-质谱法鉴定和分析了从自然感染果实中饲养的幼虫成年个体的正己烷提取物中的化合物。发现的化合物包括螺缩醛、脂肪族酰胺、饱和/不饱和和甲基支链 C 到 C 链酯以及 C 到 C 直链和甲基支链烷烃。螺缩醛和酯仅存在于成熟雌性中，而酰胺存在于两性中。所有年龄和性别组的直链和甲基支链烷烃在质上相同，但一些烷烃在成熟雄性和雌性之间以及成熟和未成熟之间的数量（根据内标归一化峰面积估计）有所不同。这项研究为研究这种具有经济重要性的物种的表皮化学物质功能提供了重要的基础。
