Ratajczak Joanna, Petriczko Elzbieta
Department of Physical Culture and Health, University of Szczecin, 71-065 Szczecin, Poland.
Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology, Diabetology, Metabolic Disorders and Cardiology of Developmental Age, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-242 Szczecin, Poland.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Sep 11;17(18):6611. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17186611.
Children worldwide are increasingly becoming overweight and obese and developing related health problems, including hypertension, lipid disorders, abnormal glucose tolerance, type 2 diabetes, and secondary psychological disorders. The aim of the study was to determine sociodemographic risk factors that predict an increase in BMI in children at an early school age.
The study covered 4972 children aged 8-10 years, including boys (N = 2461) and girls (N = 2511). Measurements of basic anthropometric indicators were used, such as body height, body weight, body composition, and physical fitness. The criteria developed by the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) were adopted. Sociodemographic features were analyzed based on a diagnostic survey. IBM SPSS Statistics v.25 (Mineral Midrange SA, Warsaw, Poland) and IBM SPSS Amos software (Mineral Midrange SA, Warsaw, Poland) were used to perform descriptive statistics, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Pearson's chi-square test, Student's -test, and the Mann-Whitney U test. The statistical significance index was assumed to be < 0.05, while < 0.01 was taken as an indicator of a trend which was not completely statistically significant.
Both the children and their parents had mainly moderate BMI. A total of 78.7% of children were within the weight norm. Among girls, extreme obesity was two times more frequent than extreme underweight. The examined boys were significantly taller, heavier, and had a higher BMI than girls. There were significant differences between boys and girls in BMI; however, gender alone accounted for less than 1% variance. The influence of parents' characteristics was much greater, increasing the explained variance to 10%. Body weight of mothers and fathers ( < 0.001), mother's height ( < 0.01) and both parents' level of education ( < 0.001) were detected as significant predictors of children's BMI.
The analysis of selected sociodemographic and health factors determining the BMI of the child population indicates the need for preventive action and health promotion both among children and their parents.
全球儿童超重和肥胖的情况日益增多，并出现了包括高血压、血脂异常、糖耐量异常、2型糖尿病以及继发性心理障碍在内的相关健康问题。本研究的目的是确定在学龄早期预测儿童体重指数（BMI）增加的社会人口统计学风险因素。
该研究涵盖了4972名8至10岁的儿童，其中男孩（N = 2461）和女孩（N = 2511）。采用了基本人体测量指标，如身高、体重、身体成分和体能。采用了国际肥胖特别工作组（IOTF）制定的标准。基于诊断性调查对社会人口统计学特征进行了分析。使用IBM SPSS Statistics v.25（Mineral Midrange SA，华沙，波兰）和IBM SPSS Amos软件（Mineral Midrange SA，华沙，波兰）进行描述性统计、柯尔莫哥洛夫-斯米尔诺夫检验、皮尔逊卡方检验、学生t检验和曼-惠特尼U检验。统计显著性指数设定为<0.05，而<0.01被视为不完全具有统计学显著性的趋势指标。
儿童及其父母的BMI主要为中等水平。共有78.7%的儿童体重正常。在女孩中，极端肥胖的发生率是极端体重过轻的两倍。经检查，男孩比女孩显著更高、更重且BMI更高。男孩和女孩的BMI存在显著差异；然而，仅性别因素解释的方差不到1%。父母特征的影响更大，将解释的方差增加到了10%。母亲和父亲的体重（<0.001）、母亲的身高（<0.01）以及父母双方的教育水平（<0.001）被检测为儿童BMI的显著预测因素。
对决定儿童群体BMI的选定社会人口统计学和健康因素的分析表明，有必要在儿童及其父母中开展预防行动和健康促进活动。
