Department of Orthodontics, the Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel.
Department of Oral Rehabilitation, the Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Sep 13;17(18):6672. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17186672.
Upper lip appearance received major attention with the introduction of diverse treatment modalities, including lip augmentation, rhinoplasty surgery, and dental treatment designed to support the upper lip. Our objectives were to define the prevalence and characteristics of the upper lip horizontal line (ULHL), which is a dynamic line appearing during a smile, in relation to gender, malocclusions, aging, and facial morphology. First, the prevalence and gender distribution of ULHL was examined from standardized en-face imaging at full smile of 643 randomly selected patients. Second, cephalometric and dental cast model analyses were made for 97 consecutive patients divided into three age groups. ULHL appears in 13.8% of the population examined, and prevailed significantly more in females (78%). The prevalence of ULHL was not related to age nor to malocclusion. Patients presenting ULHL showed shorter upper lip and deeper lip sulcus. The skeletal pattern showed longer mid-face, shorter lower facial height and greater prevalence of a gummy smile. Female patients with short upper lip, concavity of the upper lip, and gummy smile are more likely to exhibit ULHL. The ULHL is not age-related and can be identified in children and young adults. Therefore, it should be considered when selecting diverse treatment modalities involving the upper lip.
上唇外观受到了广泛关注，出现了多种治疗方法，包括丰唇术、鼻整形术和旨在支撑上唇的牙齿治疗。我们的目标是定义上唇横线（ULHL）的患病率和特征，这是一种在微笑时出现的动态线，与性别、错颌畸形、衰老和面部形态有关。首先，我们从 643 名随机选择的患者的全笑标准面成像中检查了 ULHL 的患病率和性别分布。其次，我们对 97 名连续患者进行了头影测量和牙模分析，将他们分为三组。检查人群中 ULHL 的患病率为 13.8%，女性明显更为常见（78%）。ULHL 的患病率与年龄或错颌畸形无关。出现 ULHL 的患者上唇较短，唇沟较深。骨骼模式显示中面部较长，下面部高度较短，以及更常见的露龈笑。上唇短、上唇凹陷和露龈笑的女性患者更容易出现 ULHL。ULHL 与年龄无关，可在儿童和年轻人中识别。因此，在选择涉及上唇的多种治疗方法时应考虑到 ULHL。
