CICGE Centro de Investigação em Ciências Geo-Espaciais, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto (FCUP), Observatório Astronómico Prof. Manuel de Barros, Alameda do Monte da Virgem, 4430-146 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal.
Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Proc Biol Sci. 2020 Sep 30;287(1935):20201791. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2020.1791. Epub 2020 Sep 16.
Biological invasions have increased in the last few decades mostly due to anthropogenic causes such as globalization of trade. Because invaders sometimes cause large economic losses and ecological disturbances, estimating their origin and potential geographical ranges is useful. is native to the Old World but was introduced in the New World in the late 1970s and spread widely. We incorporate information on adaptive genetic markers into ecological niche modelling and then estimate the most probable geographical source of colonizers; evaluate whether the genetic bottleneck experienced by founders affects their potential distribution; and finally test whether this species has spread to all its potential suitable habitats worldwide. We find the environmental space occupied by this species in its native and introduced distributions are notably the same, although the introduced niche has shifted slightly towards higher temperature and lower precipitation. The genetic bottleneck of founding individuals was a key factor limiting the spread of this introduced species. We also find that regions in the Mediterranean and north-central Portugal show the highest probability of being the origin of the colonizers. Using genetically informed environmental niche modelling can enhance our understanding of the initial colonization and spread of invasive species, and also elucidate potential areas of future expansions worldwide.
生物入侵在过去几十年中有所增加，主要是由于全球化贸易等人为因素。由于入侵物种有时会造成巨大的经济损失和生态干扰，因此估计它们的起源和潜在地理范围是有用的。原产于旧大陆，但在 20 世纪 70 年代后期被引入新大陆，并广泛传播。我们将适应性遗传标记的信息纳入生态位模型，然后估计殖民者最可能的地理来源；评估创始人经历的遗传瓶颈是否会影响其潜在分布；最后检验该物种是否已经传播到全球所有潜在的适宜栖息地。我们发现，该物种在其原生和引入分布中的环境空间显著相同，尽管引入的生态位略微向更高的温度和更低的降水方向转移。创始个体的遗传瓶颈是限制该引入物种传播的关键因素。我们还发现，地中海地区和葡萄牙中北部地区最有可能是殖民者的起源地。使用遗传信息丰富的环境生态位模型可以增强我们对入侵物种初始定植和扩散的理解，还可以阐明全球未来扩张的潜在区域。
