Howanitz J H
Laboratory Service, Wadsworth Veterans Administration Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90073.
Arch Pathol Lab Med. 1988 Aug;112(8):775-9.
The history and recent developments in label technology are reviewed. Because the new labels generally are used in both classic immunoassays and immunometric assays, a brief review of the advantages and disadvantages of each type of assay is included. Recent developments in enzyme labels, such as channeling techniques, enzyme acceptor-donor systems, and apoenzyme reactivation assays, are discussed. Fluorescence polarization immunoassay and time-resolved fluorescence using the lanthanides are two of the newer fluorescence techniques. Luminescent labels, such as acridinium esters, show promise because of their stability, sensitivity, and ease of detection. Several new particle label techniques have been introduced, perhaps two of the most interesting of which are sol particle and liposome labels. Advantages and disadvantages of the newer labels are compared with those of radioactivity.
本文回顾了标记技术的历史和近期进展。由于新标记通常用于经典免疫测定和免疫分析，因此本文还简要回顾了每种测定类型的优缺点。文中讨论了酶标记的近期进展，如通道技术、酶受体-供体系统和脱辅基酶再活化测定。荧光偏振免疫测定和使用镧系元素的时间分辨荧光是两种较新的荧光技术。发光标记，如吖啶酯，因其稳定性、灵敏度和易于检测而显示出应用前景。已经引入了几种新的颗粒标记技术，其中最有趣的两种可能是溶胶颗粒和脂质体标记。将新型标记的优缺点与放射性标记的优缺点进行了比较。
