Department of Environmental Toxicology, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States.
Environ Sci Technol. 2020 Oct 20;54(20):13008-13015. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.0c03603. Epub 2020 Sep 29.
Considering the recent discovery of veterinary pharmaceutical aerial transport from industrial cattle feeding operations via particulate matter, the objective of this study is to determine the extent to which insecticides are also transported into the environment by total suspended particulates emanating from beef cattle feed yards. Of 16 different pesticides quantified in particulate matter samples collected from beef cattle feed yards, permethrin was detected most frequently at >67% of particulate matter samples and at a mean concentration of 1211.7 ± 781.0 (SE) ng/m. Imidacloprid was detected at a mean concentration of 62.8 ± 38.2 (SE) ng/m or equivalent to published concentrations in dust from treated seed planting activities. When insecticide concentrations observed in this study are projected to all United States of America feed yards, the resulting particulate matter (669,000 kg) could contain enough insecticides (active ingredient mass basis) to kill over a billion honeybees daily. Furthermore, a novel transport pathway for macrocyclic lactone entry into the environment was identified. These data raise concern that nontarget organisms may be exposed to potentially toxic levels of pesticides from beef cattle feed yards.
考虑到最近发现兽医制药通过颗粒物从工业牛饲养场进行航空运输，本研究的目的是确定杀虫剂通过来自肉牛饲养场的总悬浮颗粒物进入环境的程度。在所采集的来自肉牛饲养场的颗粒物样本中，定量分析了 16 种不同的杀虫剂，其中氯菊酯在超过 67%的颗粒物样本中被检测到，浓度平均值为 1211.7±781.0（SE）ng/m。在每立方米中检测到的氯吡虫啉浓度平均值为 62.8±38.2（SE）ng/m，相当于已发表的处理过的种子种植活动产生的灰尘中的浓度。当将本研究中观察到的杀虫剂浓度外推到所有美国的饲料场时，所产生的颗粒物（669000 千克）可能含有足以每天杀死超过 10 亿只蜜蜂的杀虫剂（以有效成分质量为基础）。此外，还确定了大环内酯类进入环境的一种新的传输途径。这些数据表明，非目标生物可能会接触到来自肉牛饲养场的潜在有毒水平的杀虫剂。
