Department of Muscle Development and Regeneration, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan.
Institute for Research On Productive Aging (IRPA), #201 Kobe hybrid business center, Minami-cho 6-7-6, Minatojima, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan.
J Physiol Sci. 2020 Sep 16;70(1):40. doi: 10.1186/s12576-020-00768-9.
Skeletal muscle is one of the most abundant and highly plastic tissues. The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is recognised as a major intracellular protein degradation system, and its function is important for muscle homeostasis and health. Although UPS plays an essential role in protein degradation during muscle atrophy, leading to the loss of muscle mass and strength, its deficit negatively impacts muscle homeostasis and leads to the occurrence of several pathological phenotypes. A growing number of studies have linked UPS impairment not only to matured muscle fibre degeneration and weakness, but also to muscle stem cells and deficiency in regeneration. Emerging evidence suggests possible links between abnormal UPS regulation and several types of muscle diseases. Therefore, understanding of the role of UPS in skeletal muscle may provide novel therapeutic insights to counteract muscle wasting, and various muscle diseases. In this review, we focussed on the role of proteasomes in skeletal muscle and its regeneration, including a brief explanation of the structure of proteasomes. In addition, we summarised the recent findings on several diseases and elaborated on how the UPS is related to their pathological states.
骨骼肌是最丰富和高度可塑的组织之一。泛素-蛋白酶体系统（UPS）被认为是一种主要的细胞内蛋白质降解系统，其功能对于肌肉的平衡和健康很重要。虽然 UPS 在肌肉萎缩过程中的蛋白质降解中起着至关重要的作用，导致肌肉质量和力量的丧失，但它的不足会对肌肉平衡产生负面影响，并导致发生几种病理表型。越来越多的研究将 UPS 功能障碍不仅与成熟肌肉纤维的退化和无力联系起来，还与肌肉干细胞和再生不足联系起来。新出现的证据表明，UPS 调节异常与多种类型的肌肉疾病之间可能存在联系。因此，了解 UPS 在骨骼肌中的作用可能为对抗肌肉减少症和各种肌肉疾病提供新的治疗思路。在这篇综述中，我们重点介绍了蛋白酶体在骨骼肌及其再生中的作用，包括对蛋白酶体结构的简要解释。此外，我们总结了最近关于几种疾病的发现，并详细阐述了 UPS 与它们的病理状态之间的关系。
