Medical Research Council: Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Department of Science and Technology/ National Research Foundation: Vaccine Preventable Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, Johannesburg, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
PLoS One. 2020 Sep 17;15(9):e0238102. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238102. eCollection 2020.
To assess neurological sequelae and growth in the first 12 months of life in a cohort of congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) infected infants compared to cCMV uninfected infants.
This was a prospective matched cohort study conducted in Soweto, South Africa where forty-six confirmed cCMV cases were matched on HIV-exposure, gender and gestational age (±two weeks) to 84 cCMV-uninfected controls in a 1:2 ratio. Cases and controls were followed up until 12 months of age to assess anthropometry, hearing and neurodevelopmental outcomes.
Thirty-four (73.9%) cCMV cases and 74 (88.1%) controls, completed all assessments at 12 months age. At 12 months, one cCMV case had died, none of the children in either group had SNHL and neurodevelopmental delay was present in a similar percentage of cCMV cases (n = 2; 6%) and controls (n = 1, 4%; OR 1.09, 95% CI 0.04-27.84, p = 0.958). Anthropometry did not differ between cases and controls overall throughout the follow up period. HIV-exposed cases had smaller head circumference for age at 6 and 12 months when compared with HIV-exposed controls.
By 12 months of age, there was no evidence of a difference in neurological sequelae between cCMV infected South African children and cCMV uninfected children in this study. Further follow-up is warranted to detect late-onset hearing loss and neurodevelopmental delay beyond 12 months of age.
评估先天性巨细胞病毒（cCMV）感染婴儿与未感染 cCMV 的婴儿在生命的头 12 个月中的神经后遗症和生长情况。
这是一项在南非索韦托进行的前瞻性匹配队列研究，其中 46 例确诊的 cCMV 病例按 HIV 暴露、性别和胎龄（±2 周）与 84 例 cCMV 未感染对照按 1:2 比例进行匹配。病例和对照在 12 个月龄时进行随访，以评估体格测量、听力和神经发育结果。
34 例（73.9%）cCMV 病例和 74 例（88.1%）对照完成了所有 12 个月龄的评估。在 12 个月时，1 例 cCMV 病例死亡，两组均无儿童出现 SNHL，且 cCMV 病例（n=2；6%）和对照组（n=1，4%）中神经发育迟缓的发生率相似（OR 1.09，95%CI 0.04-27.84，p=0.958）。整个随访期间，病例和对照组的体格测量均无差异。与未暴露于 HIV 的对照组相比，暴露于 HIV 的病例在 6 个月和 12 个月时的头围年龄较小。
在 12 个月龄时，本研究中 cCMV 感染的南非儿童与未感染 cCMV 的儿童之间没有证据表明存在神经后遗症差异。需要进一步随访以检测 12 个月龄后迟发性听力损失和神经发育迟缓。
