Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.
Medical Research Council Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Health and Work, Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.
PLoS One. 2020 Sep 17;15(9):e0239383. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239383. eCollection 2020.
Rapidly increasing population old age dependency ratios create a growing economic imperative for people to work to older ages. However, rates of older worker employment are only increasing slowly. Amongst a cohort of contemporary older workers, we investigated risk factors for health-related job loss (HRJL) over 2 years of follow-up.
HEAF is a population based cohort study of adults in England (aged 50-64 years at baseline) who provided information about socio-demographic characteristics, lifestyle, and work at baseline and annual follow-ups. Exits from paid work were mapped and risk factors for HRJL explored in a multiple-record survival dataset by Cox proportional hazards models.
2475 (75%) men and 2668 (66%) women were employed; 115 (4.6%) men and 182 (6.8%) women reported HRJL. Employment as road transport drivers/in vehicle trades (men), or as teaching/education/nursing/midwifery professionals or in caring personal services (women), was more frequent among people exiting work for health-related versus non-health-related reasons. Principal socio-demographic and lifestyle risk factors for HRJL were: struggling financially (men and women); low physical activity (men); being overweight or obese, and current smoking (women). Mutually adjusted work-related risk factors for HRJL were job dissatisfaction, and not coping with the physical (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval]: men 5.34[3.40,8.39]; women 3.73[2.48,5.60]) or mental demands (women only, 2.02[1.38,2.96]) of work.
Employment characteristics of contemporary older workers differ by sex. Job satisfaction and perceived ability to cope with the physical and mental demands of work are key determinants of HRJL which employers could potentially influence to enable work to older ages.
人口老龄化导致老年抚养比迅速上升，这使得人们在老年时继续工作的经济压力越来越大。然而，老年工人的就业率增长缓慢。在当代老年工人中，我们研究了在 2 年的随访期间与健康相关的失业（HRJL）的危险因素。
HEAF 是一项基于人群的英格兰成年人队列研究（基线时年龄为 50-64 岁），他们在基线和年度随访时提供了社会人口统计学特征、生活方式和工作信息。通过 Cox 比例风险模型对有偿工作离职情况进行了映射，并对多记录生存数据集进行了 HRJL 危险因素的探索。
2475 名（75%）男性和 2668 名（66%）女性就业；115 名（4.6%）男性和 182 名（6.8%）女性报告了与健康相关的失业。与非健康相关原因相比，从事道路运输司机/车辆贸易（男性）或从事教学/教育/护理/助产专业或从事照顾个人服务（女性）的人更频繁地离职。HRJL 的主要社会人口学和生活方式危险因素包括：经济困难（男性和女性）；体力活动不足（男性）；超重或肥胖以及当前吸烟（女性）。HRJL 的相互调整后的工作相关危险因素包括工作不满和无法应对工作的身体（男性 5.34[3.40,8.39]；女性 3.73[2.48,5.60]）或心理需求（仅女性，2.02[1.38,2.96]）。
当代老年工人的就业特征因性别而异。工作满意度和感知应对工作身体和心理需求的能力是 HRJL 的关键决定因素，雇主可以通过这些因素来影响工作，使人们能够在老年时继续工作。
