Department of Anesthesiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Sep 15;21(18):6765. doi: 10.3390/ijms21186765.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a broad, heterogeneous class of membranous lipid-bilayer vesicles that facilitate intercellular communication throughout the body. As important carriers of various types of cargo, including proteins, lipids, DNA fragments, and a variety of small noncoding RNAs, including miRNAs, mRNAs, and siRNAs, EVs may play an important role in the development of addiction and other neurological pathologies, particularly those related to HIV. In this review, we summarize the findings of EV studies in the context of methamphetamine (METH), cocaine, nicotine, opioid, and alcohol use disorders, highlighting important EV cargoes that may contribute to addiction. Additionally, as HIV and substance abuse are often comorbid, we discuss the potential role of EVs in the intersection of substance abuse and HIV. Taken together, the studies presented in this comprehensive review shed light on the potential role of EVs in the exacerbation of substance use and HIV. As a subject of growing interest, EVs may continue to provide information about mechanisms and pathogenesis in substance use disorders and CNS pathologies, perhaps allowing for exploration into potential therapeutic options.
细胞外囊泡 (EVs) 是一类广泛存在的异质性膜脂双层囊泡，可促进全身细胞间的通讯。作为各种类型货物（包括蛋白质、脂质、DNA 片段和多种小非编码 RNA，如 miRNAs、mRNAs 和 siRNAs）的重要载体，EVs 可能在成瘾和其他神经病理学的发展中发挥重要作用，特别是与 HIV 相关的病理学。在这篇综述中，我们总结了 EV 研究在 methamphetamine（METH）、可卡因、尼古丁、阿片类药物和酒精使用障碍方面的发现，强调了可能导致成瘾的重要 EV 货物。此外，由于 HIV 和物质滥用常常同时发生，我们讨论了 EV 在物质滥用和 HIV 交叉点中的潜在作用。总之，本综述中呈现的研究阐明了 EV 在加剧物质使用和 HIV 方面的潜在作用。作为一个日益受到关注的课题，EVs 可能会继续为物质使用障碍和中枢神经系统病理学的机制和发病机制提供信息，也许可以探索潜在的治疗选择。
