Department of Biomedical and Forensic Sciences, College of Life and Natural Sciences, University of Derby, Derby, DE22 1GB, UK.
Ministry of Interior of Qatar, Doha, Qatar.
Sci Rep. 2020 Sep 17;10(1):15289. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-72283-1.
Y-STRs have emerged as important forensic and population genetic markers for human identification and population differentiation studies. Therefore, population databases for these markers have been developed for almost all major populations around the world. The Iraqi population encompasses several ethnic groups that need to be genetically characterised and evaluated for possible substructures. Previous studies on the Iraqi population based on Y-STR markers were limited by a restricted number of markers. A larger database for Iraqi Arab population needed to be developed to help study and compare the population with other Middle Eastern populations. Twenty-three Y-STR loci included in the PowerPlex Y23 (Promega, Madison, WI, USA) were typed in 254 males from the Iraqi Arab population. Global and regional Y-STR analysis demonstrated regional genetic continuity among the populations of Iraq, the Arabian Peninsula and the Middle East. The Iraqi Arab haplotypes were used to allocate samples to their most likely haplogroups using Athey's Haplogroup Predictor tool. Prediction indicated predominance (36.6%) of haplogroup J1 in Iraqi Arabs. The migration rate between other populations and the Iraqis was inferred using coalescence theory in the Migrate-n program. Y-STR data were used to test different out-of-Africa migration models as well as more recent migrations within the Arabian Peninsula. The migration models demonstrated that gene flow to Iraq began from East Africa, with the Levantine corridor the most probable passageway out of Africa. The data presented here will enrich our understanding of genetic diversity in the region and introduce a PowerPlex Y23 database to the forensic community.
Y 染色体 STR 已成为人类鉴定和群体分化研究中重要的法医和群体遗传标记。因此，几乎在世界上所有主要人群中都开发了这些标记的群体数据库。伊拉克人口由几个族群组成，需要对其进行基因特征分析，并评估其可能的亚结构。以前基于 Y-STR 标记的伊拉克人群研究受到标记数量有限的限制。需要开发更大的伊拉克阿拉伯人群数据库，以帮助研究和比较与其他中东人群的关系。在 254 名来自伊拉克阿拉伯人群的男性中，对 PowerPlex Y23（Promega，Madison，WI，USA）中包含的 23 个 Y-STR 基因座进行了分型。全球和区域 Y-STR 分析表明，伊拉克、阿拉伯半岛和中东地区的人群具有区域遗传连续性。使用 Athey 的单倍型预测工具，将伊拉克阿拉伯单倍型用于将样本分配到最可能的单倍群中。预测表明，伊拉克阿拉伯人中 J1 单倍群占主导地位（36.6%）。使用 Migrate-n 程序中的合并理论推断了其他人群与伊拉克人之间的迁移率。Y-STR 数据用于测试不同的非洲外迁移模型以及阿拉伯半岛内的近期迁移。迁移模型表明，向伊拉克的基因流动始于东非，黎凡特走廊是最有可能离开非洲的通道。这里呈现的数据将丰富我们对该地区遗传多样性的理解，并向法医界介绍 PowerPlex Y23 数据库。
