Fan Guang-Yao, Zhu Ying, Wang En-Na, Ju Tian-Ge
School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
R Soc Open Sci. 2025 May 21;12(5):242046. doi: 10.1098/rsos.242046. eCollection 2025 May.
Known for its legendary history and peculiar culture, Chinese Qiang minority aroused interest among geneticists and anthropologists. However, the paternal genetic landscape of its sub-branches coupled with its migration history has never been uncovered. In this study, 37 Y-chromosomal short tandem repeat (Y-STR) loci of three Qiang ethnic groups ( = 564) were investigated to shed light on their paternal genetic landscape. The phylogenetic reconstruction among 29 populations was conducted based on their Y-chromosomal haplotypes. The genetic affinities of the four different Qiang subgroups exhibited obviously variant when compared with Han, Yi or Tibetan in Tibetan-Yi corridor. Based on machine learning method, the predicted Y chromosome haplogroups demonstrated the predominance of O2a1 and O2a2. The haplogroup distributions were compared among 40 contemporary ethnic groups in West China and DNA samples of 214 ancient humans from 59 archaeological sites. The results supported that Wenchuan Qiang had historical links with the ancients in West Liao River (WLR) region. Moreover, intrapopulation gene flow was analysed using Migrate-n. Bidirectional migration was proved to be the most frequent model among the Qiangic populations while the unidirectional migration was only observed from Wenchuan to Li County.
中国羌族以其传奇的历史和独特的文化而闻名，引起了遗传学家和人类学家的兴趣。然而，其分支的父系遗传格局及其迁徙历史从未被揭示。在本研究中，对三个羌族群体（n = 564）的37个Y染色体短串联重复序列（Y-STR）位点进行了调查，以阐明其父系遗传格局。基于Y染色体单倍型对29个群体进行了系统发育重建。与藏彝走廊的汉族、彝族或藏族相比，四个不同羌族亚群的遗传亲和力表现出明显差异。基于机器学习方法，预测的Y染色体单倍群显示O2a1和O2a2占主导地位。比较了中国西部40个当代民族以及来自59个考古遗址的214具古代人类的DNA样本的单倍群分布。结果支持汶川羌族与西辽河流域（WLR）的古人有历史联系。此外，使用Migrate-n分析了群体内基因流动。双向迁移被证明是羌语群体中最常见的模式，而单向迁移仅在从汶川到理县观察到。
