Bhagwat Amala, Mixon Monica, Collins Cynthia H, Dordick Jonathan S
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA.
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2020 Nov;104(21):9019-9040. doi: 10.1007/s00253-020-10862-y. Epub 2020 Sep 18.
In light of emerging antibiotic resistance, bacterial cell wall lytic enzymes are promising antimicrobial agents that degrade bacterial peptidoglycan while specifically recognizing the target bacterium. The efficacy of lytic enzymes against several multi-drug-resistant pathogens infecting humans has led to many efforts focused on in vivo therapeutic applications. However, the potential for lytic enzymes to combat bacterial contamination in environments outside the human body is underexplored. The persistence of pathogenic bacteria, in either planktonic or biofilm states and on various surfaces, has facilitated the spread of bacterial infections, necessitating the development of robust strategies for detecting and killing resistant bacteria in diverse environments. Here, we present an overview of the current state-of-the-art of exploiting lytic enzymes for non-therapeutic applications including pathogen decontamination in social infrastructures and food decontamination, as well as pathogen detection. KEY POINTS: • Lytic enzymes are effective antimicrobial, antibiofilm, and sporicidal agents. • Pathogen detection using lytic enzyme-binding domains is rapid and highly sensitive. • Domain engineering is required for enhanced enzyme activity in complex environments.
鉴于新出现的抗生素耐药性，细菌细胞壁裂解酶是很有前景的抗菌剂，可降解细菌肽聚糖，同时特异性识别目标细菌。裂解酶对几种感染人类的多重耐药病原体的疗效促使人们致力于其体内治疗应用。然而，裂解酶在人体外环境中对抗细菌污染的潜力尚未得到充分探索。病原菌在浮游或生物膜状态下以及在各种表面上的持续存在促进了细菌感染的传播，因此需要制定强有力的策略来检测和杀灭不同环境中的耐药细菌。在此，我们概述了利用裂解酶进行非治疗应用的当前技术水平，包括社会基础设施中的病原体去污、食品去污以及病原体检测。要点：• 裂解酶是有效的抗菌、抗生物膜和杀孢子剂。• 使用裂解酶结合域进行病原体检测快速且高度灵敏。• 在复杂环境中增强酶活性需要进行结构域工程。
