Braun J, Kiltz U, Müller-Ladner U
Rheumazentrum Ruhrgebiet, Herne und Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Claudiusstr 45, 44649, Herne, Deutschland.
St. Elisabeth Gruppe GmbH, Herne, Deutschland.
Z Rheumatol. 2020 Nov;79(9):922-928. doi: 10.1007/s00393-020-00877-1. Epub 2020 Sep 18.
Measles outbreaks occur rather frequently in Germany. Patients with chronic inflammatory diseases are often treated with immunosuppressants. A recent study showed that about 7% of such patients are not protected against measles according to the lack of documentation in the vaccination card or the absence of protective antibodies. The Standing Committee on Immunization (STIKO) recommends a first vaccination against measles as a measles-mumps-rubella combined vaccination (MMR) in children aged 11-14 months and a second vaccination at 14-23 months. For adults born after 1970, vaccination against measles is recommended if they have not yet been vaccinated against measles or have only been vaccinated once against measles or if their vaccination status is unclear. In April 2019, STIKO published instructions for vaccinations recommended for immunodeficiency. Since March 1, 2020, measles vaccination have been compulsory in Germany.
德国麻疹疫情相当频繁地发生。患有慢性炎症性疾病的患者经常接受免疫抑制剂治疗。最近一项研究表明，根据疫苗接种卡上缺乏记录或缺乏保护性抗体，约7%的此类患者对麻疹没有免疫力。免疫接种常务委员会（STIKO）建议，在11至14个月大的儿童中首次接种麻疹疫苗，采用麻疹-腮腺炎-风疹联合疫苗（MMR），并在14至23个月时进行第二次接种。对于1970年以后出生的成年人，如果他们尚未接种过麻疹疫苗、仅接种过一次麻疹疫苗或其疫苗接种状况不明，则建议接种麻疹疫苗。2019年4月，STIKO发布了针对免疫缺陷推荐疫苗接种的指导意见。自2020年3月1日起，德国实行麻疹疫苗强制接种。
