Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Department of Internal Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
J Racial Ethn Health Disparities. 2021 Oct;8(5):1161-1167. doi: 10.1007/s40615-020-00872-x. Epub 2020 Sep 18.
Investigate whether or not race is associated with differences in hospitalization and survival to discharge among patients with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) at the height of the pandemic in New York City (NYC).
Single-center retrospective cohort study of COVID-19 patients hospitalized at our university-affiliated NYC hospital from 3/10/20 through 4/13/20 with follow-up to 5/1/20. Our primary endpoint was hospitalization rate among patients with confirmed COVID-19 compared with the regional population based on race. Our secondary endpoint survival to discharge among hospitalized COVID-19 patients. NYC Department of Health data were used to calculate hospitalization odds ratios. Chi-square and t tests were used to compare categorial and continuous variables, respectively. Cox proportional hazards regression and predictive analysis were used to investigate our endpoints further.
Our cohort of 734 patients included 355 women (48.4%), 372 Blacks (50.7%), 214 Whites (29.2%), and 92 Hispanics (12.5%) in our analysis. Blacks were nearly twice as likely as Whites to require hospitalization for COVID-19 (OR 1.89, 95% CI, 1.59-2.24, p < 0.001). Hispanics were also more likely to suffer in-hospital mortality from COVID-19 compared with Whites (HR 1.84; 95% CI 1.21-2.80; p = 0.005). There was a non-significant increased hazard of in-hospital mortality among Blacks when compared with Whites (HR, 1.30; 95% CI, 0.95-1.78; p = 0.09).
Blacks were more likely than Whites to require hospitalization for COVID-19 while Hispanics were more likely to experience in-hospital mortality. Further investigation into the socioeconomic factors underlying racial disparities in COVID-19 survival and severity requiring hospitalization is needed on a national scale.
调查在纽约市（NYC）大流行高峰期，种族是否与 2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）患者的住院和出院存活率有关。
这是一项针对在我们大学附属的 NYC 医院住院的 COVID-19 患者的单中心回顾性队列研究，随访至 5 月 1 日。我们的主要终点是与基于种族的该地区人群相比，COVID-19 确诊患者的住院率。次要终点是住院 COVID-19 患者的出院存活率。NYC 卫生部的数据用于计算住院的优势比。卡方检验和 t 检验分别用于比较分类和连续变量。Cox 比例风险回归和预测分析用于进一步研究我们的终点。
我们的 734 例患者队列包括 355 名女性（48.4%）、372 名黑人（50.7%）、214 名白人（29.2%）和 92 名西班牙裔（12.5%）。与白人相比，黑人因 COVID-19 住院的可能性几乎是白人的两倍（比值比 1.89，95%可信区间，1.59-2.24，p<0.001）。与白人相比，西班牙裔 COVID-19 院内死亡率也更高（风险比 1.84；95%可信区间，1.21-2.80；p=0.005）。与白人相比，黑人的院内死亡率也有增加的趋势（风险比，1.30；95%可信区间，0.95-1.78；p=0.09）。
与白人相比，黑人因 COVID-19 住院的可能性更高，而西班牙裔更有可能出现院内死亡。需要在全国范围内进一步调查 COVID-19 生存率和严重程度方面种族差异的社会经济因素。
