USEPA, 26 W. M.L. King DR., Cincinnati, OH 45268, United States of America.
J Microbiol Methods. 2020 Oct;177:106059. doi: 10.1016/j.mimet.2020.106059. Epub 2020 Sep 15.
Biosensors are finding new places in science, and the growth of this technology will lead to dramatic improvements in the ability to detect microorganisms in recreational and source waters for the protection of public health. Much of the improvement in biosensors has followed developments in molecular biology processes and coupling these with advances in engineering. Progress in the fields of nano-engineering and materials science have opened many new avenues for biosensors. The adaptation of these diverse technological fields into sensors has been driven by the need to develop more rapid sensors that are highly accurate, sensitive and specific, and have other desirable properties, such as robust deployment capability, unattended operations, and remote data transfer. The primary challenges to the adoption of biosensors in recreational and source water applications are cost of ownership, particularly operations and maintenance costs, problems caused by false positive rates, and to a lesser extent false negative rates, legacy technologies, policies and practices which will change as biosensors improve to the point of replacing more traditional methods for detecting organisms in environmental samples.
生物传感器在科学领域中找到了新的应用，这项技术的发展将极大地提高在娱乐和水源中检测微生物的能力，以保护公众健康。生物传感器的许多改进都遵循着分子生物学过程的发展，并将这些过程与工程学的进步相结合。纳米工程和材料科学领域的进展为生物传感器开辟了许多新途径。将这些不同的技术领域应用于传感器的驱动力是开发更快速、高度准确、灵敏和特异的传感器，并具有其他理想的特性，如强大的部署能力、无人值守操作和远程数据传输。生物传感器在娱乐和水源应用中采用的主要挑战是拥有成本，特别是运营和维护成本，假阳性率造成的问题，以及在较小程度上的假阴性率，以及传统技术、政策和实践，随着生物传感器的改进，这些技术、政策和实践将发生变化，以取代更传统的方法来检测环境样本中的生物。
