Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California.
J Nerv Ment Dis. 2020 Nov;208(11):848-856. doi: 10.1097/NMD.0000000000001227.
How health care professionals conceptualize mental illness has received relatively little attention in existing literature. This survey explored how health care professionals, academic faculty, and trainees at a US academic medical center (departments of psychiatry, neurology, family medicine, and geriatric medicine, as well as medical students, nurses, and social workers) conceptualize the notion of mental disorder. Respondents (N = 209) were asked to rate their agreement or disagreement with a variety of conceptual statements. Overall, distress and impairment were seen as essential features of mental disorder, and the presence of a biological abnormality was not considered necessary. There was significant correlation between disease status and biological etiology attribution for all conditions except homosexuality. Psychology trainees and psychologists were significantly less likely to call a condition a disease compared with other groups. There was a general lack of consensus regarding conceptual issues fundamental to psychiatry. Conceptualizations of mental disorder held by respondents were complex and did not fit easily within the "biological psychiatry" paradigm.
在现有文献中，医疗保健专业人员如何概念化精神疾病相对较少受到关注。本调查探讨了美国学术医疗中心的医疗保健专业人员、学术教师和受训人员（精神病学、神经病学、家庭医学和老年医学系，以及医学生、护士和社会工作者）如何概念化精神障碍的概念。受访者（N=209）被要求对各种概念陈述表示同意或不同意。总体而言，痛苦和损伤被视为精神障碍的基本特征，而生物异常并不被认为是必要的。除了同性恋，所有疾病状态和生物学病因归属之间都存在显著相关性。与其他群体相比，心理学受训人员和心理学家不太可能将一种情况称为疾病。对于精神病学基本概念问题，缺乏普遍共识。受访者对精神障碍的概念化是复杂的，不容易符合“生物精神病学”范式。
