Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Biomass Value-added Products, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Pyrolysis Technology Research Group, Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (Akuatrop), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Malaysia.
Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Biomass Value-added Products, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Faculty of Science & Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.
J Hazard Mater. 2020 Dec 5;400:123006. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123006. Epub 2020 May 30.
Pollution with pesticides is a widespread global problem and biomonitoring of the environment and human populations is necessary to assess potential harmful biological effects. One of the pesticides that are showing up in vegetables and fruit is chlorpyrifos (CPS). CPS is a nerve-poisoning organophosphorus insecticide, which is in up to 1/3 of all conventionally produced citrus fruits. Our review shows that CPS is a hazardous material that poses risks to human health and also pollutes the environment. There is numerous risk assessment of CPS reported, however, the assessment is easily affected by factors such as climate change, exposure period and CPS concentration. Therefore, rigorous update of the hazardous level of CPS is needed to determine the threshold level safe for humans and animals. There is a need for remediation using for example photoreactive nanoparticle methods and microbial degeneration possessing high degradation efficiency (73-97%). In addition, stringent biomonitoring of food, environment and human exposure should occur to avoid exposure to chemicals via citrus fruits and vegetables. This is necessary to assess health risks and socioeconomic impacts which also require collaboration between private and public sectors to facilitate the growth, sale and manufacturing of biopesticides.
农药污染是一个全球性的普遍问题，对环境和人群进行生物监测对于评估潜在的有害生物影响是必要的。在蔬菜和水果中出现的一种农药是毒死蜱（CPS）。CPS 是一种神经毒的有机磷杀虫剂，在所有传统生产的柑橘类水果中，有高达 1/3 的水果含有 CPS。我们的综述表明，CPS 是一种对人类健康构成风险的危险物质，也会污染环境。有大量关于 CPS 的风险评估报告，但评估很容易受到气候变化、暴露期和 CPS 浓度等因素的影响。因此，需要对 CPS 的危险水平进行严格的更新，以确定对人类和动物安全的阈值水平。需要使用例如光反应纳米颗粒方法和具有高降解效率（73-97%）的微生物退化方法进行修复。此外，应该对食品、环境和人类暴露进行严格的生物监测，以避免通过柑橘类水果和蔬菜接触化学物质。这是评估健康风险和社会经济影响所必需的，还需要私营和公共部门之间的合作，以促进生物农药的增长、销售和制造。
