School of Nursing and Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Sep 16;17(18):6739. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17186739.
Physical activity, among others, confers cardiovascular, mental, and skeletal health benefits to people of all age-groups and health states. It reduces the risks associated with cardiovascular disease and therefore, could be useful in rural South Africa where cardiovascular disease (CVD) burden is increasing. The objective of this study was to examine levels and correlates of physical activity among adults in the Ingwavuma community in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN). Self-reported data on physical activity from 392 consenting adults (female, = 265; male, = 127) was used. We used the one-sample -test to assess the level of physical activity and a two-level multiple linear regression to investigate the relationship between total physical activity (TPA) and independent predictors. The weekly number of minutes spent on all physical activities by members of the Ingwavuma community was 912.2; standard deviation (SD) (870.5), with males having 37% higher physical activity (1210.6 min, SD = 994.2) than females (769.2, SD = 766.3). Livelihood activities constituted 65% of TPA, and sport and recreation contributed 10%. Participants without formal education (20%), those underweight (27%), and the obese (16%) had low physical activity. Notwithstanding this, in general, the Ingwavuma community significantly exceeded the recommended weekly time on physical activity with a mean difference of 762.1 (675.8-848.6) minutes, t (391) = 17.335, < 0.001. Gender and age were significant predictors of TPA in level 1 of the multiple regression. Males were significantly more active than females by 455.4 min ( = -0.25, < 0.001) and participants of at least 60 years were significantly less active than 18-29-year-olds by 276.2 min ( = -0.12, < 0.05). Gender, marital status, and health awareness were significant predictors in the full model that included education level, employment status, body mass index (BMI), and physical activity related to health awareness as predictors. The high prevalence of insufficient physical activity in some vulnerable groups, notably the elderly and obese, and the general poor participation in sport and recreation activities are worrisome. Hence we recommend health education interventions to increase awareness of and reshape sociocultural constructs that hinder participation in leisure activities. It is important to promote physical activity as a preventive health intervention and complement the pharmacological treatment of CVDs in rural South Africa. Physical activity interventions for all sociodemographic groups have potential economic gains through a reduction in costs related to the treatment of chronic CVD.
身体活动对所有年龄段和健康状况的人群都有益处，包括心血管、心理和骨骼健康。它降低了与心血管疾病相关的风险，因此在心血管疾病（CVD）负担不断增加的南非农村可能会很有用。本研究的目的是检查夸祖鲁-纳塔尔省（KZN）英格瓦马社区成年人的身体活动水平和相关因素。使用了 392 名同意参与的成年人（女性 = 265；男性 = 127）的自我报告的身体活动数据。我们使用单样本 t 检验来评估身体活动水平，并使用两水平多重线性回归来研究总身体活动（TPA）与独立预测因素之间的关系。英格瓦马社区成员每周用于所有身体活动的分钟数为 912.2；标准差（SD）（870.5），男性的身体活动量（1210.6 分钟，SD = 994.2）比女性（769.2，SD = 766.3）高 37%。生计活动占 TPA 的 65%，运动和娱乐占 10%。没有受过正规教育的参与者（20%）、体重不足的参与者（27%）和肥胖的参与者（16%）身体活动水平较低。尽管如此，总的来说，英格瓦马社区的身体活动量明显超过了每周的推荐时间，平均差异为 762.1（675.8-848.6）分钟，t（391）= 17.335， < 0.001。性别和年龄是多元回归水平 1 中 TPA 的重要预测因素。男性比女性活跃 455.4 分钟（ = -0.25， < 0.001），至少 60 岁的参与者比 18-29 岁的参与者活跃 276.2 分钟（ = -0.12， < 0.05）。性别、婚姻状况和健康意识是包括教育程度、就业状况、身体质量指数（BMI）和与健康意识相关的身体活动在内的完整模型中的重要预测因素。在一些弱势群体中，特别是老年人和肥胖者中，身体活动不足的发生率很高，以及一般休闲活动参与度低，这令人担忧。因此，我们建议开展健康教育干预，提高认识并重塑阻碍休闲活动参与的社会文化观念。在南非农村，促进身体活动作为一种预防保健干预措施，并补充心血管疾病的药物治疗非常重要。针对所有社会人口群体的身体活动干预措施具有降低与慢性 CVD 治疗相关成本的潜在经济效益。
