Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 8500, Potenza, Italy.
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, via Ugo La Malfa, 153 90156, Palermo, Italy.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2021 Jan;28(4):4857-4878. doi: 10.1007/s11356-020-10829-6. Epub 2020 Sep 19.
The Pietra del Pertusillo freshwater reservoir is a major artificial lake of environmental, biological, and ecological importance located in the Basilicata region, southern Italy. The reservoir arch-gravity dam was completed in 1963 for producing hydroelectric energy and providing water for human use, and nearby there are potential sources of anthropogenic pollution such as urban and industrial activities. For the first time, the minero-chemistry of the lake and fluvio-lacustrine sediments of the reservoir have been evaluated to assess the environmental quality. Moreover, the composition of fluvial sediments derived from the peri-lacual zone of the reservoir and of local outcropping bedrock were also studied to understand the factors affecting the behavior of elements in the freshwater reservoir, with particular attention paid to heavy metals. In Italy, specific regulatory values concerning the element threshold concentration for lake and river sediments do not exist, and for this reason, soil threshold values are considered the standard for sediments of internal waters. The evaluation of the environmental quality of reservoir sediments has been performed using enrichment factors obtained with respect to the average composition of a reconstructed local upper continental crust. We suggest this method as an innovative standard in similar conditions worldwide. In the studied reservoir sediments, the trace elements that may be of some environmental concern are Cr, Cu, Zn, As, and Pb although, at this stage, the distribution of these elements appears to be mostly driven by geogenic processes. However, within the frame of the assessment and the preservation of the quality of aquatic environments, particular attention has to be paid to As (which shows median value of 10 ppm, reaching a maximum value of 26 ppm in Quaternary sediments), constantly enriched in the lacustrine samples and especially in the fine-grained fraction (median = 8.5 ppm).
皮埃特拉德尔佩尔图西洛淡水水库是位于意大利南部巴西利卡塔地区的一个重要的人工湖，具有环境、生物和生态意义。该水库拱重力坝于 1963 年建成，用于发电和为人类提供用水，附近有城市和工业活动等人为污染源的潜在来源。首次对该湖的矿物化学和水库的河流-湖泊沉积物进行了评估，以评估环境质量。此外，还研究了源自水库周边滨湖区和当地露头基岩的河流沉积物的组成，以了解影响淡水水库中元素行为的因素，特别关注重金属。在意大利，关于湖泊和河流沉积物元素阈值浓度的具体法规值并不存在，因此，土壤阈值值被认为是内部水域沉积物的标准。使用相对于重建的当地上大陆地壳平均成分获得的富集因子对水库沉积物的环境质量进行了评估。我们建议在世界范围内的类似情况下将这种方法作为一种创新标准。在所研究的水库沉积物中，可能引起一些环境关注的痕量元素是 Cr、Cu、Zn、As 和 Pb，尽管在现阶段，这些元素的分布似乎主要是由地球化学过程驱动的。然而，在评估和保护水生环境的质量时，必须特别注意 As（其在第四纪沉积物中的中位值为 10 ppm，达到 26 ppm 的最大值），它在湖泊样品中不断富集，特别是在细颗粒分数中（中位值=8.5 ppm）。
