College of Sciences, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq.
Dams and Water Resource Research Center, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq.
Environ Monit Assess. 2024 Jan 30;196(2):216. doi: 10.1007/s10661-024-12348-0.
Analyzing the geochemical changes in stream sediments can reveal important surface processes on Earth, like weathering, transportation, and cation exchange. The study area is located on the eastern side of Mosul, where valleys named Al-Rashediya, Al-Kharrazi, Al-Khosar, Al-Danffilli, and Al-Shor flow towards the Tigris River. These valleys' sediments contain diverse components like clay minerals, organic matter, iron oxides, carbonates, and heavy metals (H.M.s), either as part of these substances or adsorbed onto them. In this study, 36 sediment samples were gathered from these valleys. They underwent chemical analysis through X-ray fluorescence to ascertain their chemical constituents of major oxides. To understand the distribution of H.M.s in these sediments, correlation coefficient analysis and factor analysis were utilized. The study employed the geoaccumulation index (I) and enrichment factor (E.F.) to evaluate sediment contamination. The results of I ranged from Cr = 0.24 to 1.83, Ni = -0.92 to 0.77, Cu = -2.41 to 0.05, Zn = -1.83 to 0.89, Pb = -1.54 to 0.36, and As = -2.84 to 0.80. These findings suggest that the valley sediments are generally in the range of deficiency to minimal enrichment and moderate enrichment. However, Al-Danffilli Valley shows strong contamination levels for Cu, Zn, and Pb. The E.F. values for Cr = 3.63-12.50, Ni = 1.95-4.19, Cu = 0.69-12.36, Zn = 1.08-16.19, Pb = 1.25-62.16, and As = 0.60-1.79 indicate levels ranging from deficiency to minimal and moderate enrichment. Al-Danffilli Valley, in particular, was identified as ranging from moderate to extremely high enrichment, attributed to its location near industrial areas and its tributaries.
分析溪流沉积物中的地球化学变化可以揭示地球上重要的表面过程，如风化、运移和阳离子交换。研究区域位于摩苏尔东侧，有几条名为 Al-Rashediya、Al-Kharrazi、Al-Khosar、Al-Danffilli 和 Al-Shor 的山谷流向底格里斯河。这些山谷的沉积物含有多种成分，如粘土矿物、有机质、氧化铁、碳酸盐和重金属 (H.M.s)，它们或是作为这些物质的一部分，或是吸附在这些物质上。在本研究中，从这些山谷中采集了 36 个沉积物样本。通过 X 射线荧光对其进行了化学分析，以确定其主要氧化物的化学成分。为了了解 H.M.s 在这些沉积物中的分布情况，利用相关系数分析和因子分析进行了研究。本研究采用地质累积指数 (I) 和富集因子 (E.F.) 来评估沉积物的污染程度。I 的结果范围为 Cr = 0.24 至 1.83、Ni = -0.92 至 0.77、Cu = -2.41 至 0.05、Zn = -1.83 至 0.89、Pb = -1.54 至 0.36 和 As = -2.84 至 0.80。这些结果表明，山谷沉积物总体上处于缺乏到轻微富集和中度富集的范围内。然而，Al-Danffilli 山谷的 Cu、Zn 和 Pb 污染水平较高。Cr 的 E.F. 值为 3.63-12.50、Ni = 1.95-4.19、Cu = 0.69-12.36、Zn = 1.08-16.19、Pb = 1.25-62.16 和 As = 0.60-1.79，表明从缺乏到轻微和中度富集的范围。特别是 Al-Danffilli 山谷，由于其位于工业区和支流附近，被确定为从中度到极高的富集。
