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解决食品和药物管理局人工智能和机器学习监管框架中的健康差异问题。

Addressing health disparities in the Food and Drug Administration's artificial intelligence and machine learning regulatory framework.

机构信息

Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, New York, USA.

出版信息

J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2020 Dec 9;27(12):2016-2019. doi: 10.1093/jamia/ocaa133.


DOI:10.1093/jamia/ocaa133
PMID:32951036
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7727393/
Abstract

The exponential growth of health data from devices, health applications, and electronic health records coupled with the development of data analysis tools such as machine learning offer opportunities to leverage these data to mitigate health disparities. However, these tools have also been shown to exacerbate inequities faced by marginalized groups. Focusing on health disparities should be part of good machine learning practice and regulatory oversight of software as medical devices. Using the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)'s proposed framework for regulating machine learning tools in medicine, I show that addressing health disparities during the premarket and postmarket stages of review can help anticipate and mitigate group harms.

摘要

健康数据呈指数级增长,这些数据来自设备、健康应用程序和电子健康记录,加上数据分析工具(如机器学习)的发展,为利用这些数据来减轻健康差异提供了机会。然而,这些工具也被证明会加剧边缘化群体面临的不平等。关注健康差异应该成为良好的机器学习实践和软件作为医疗器械监管的一部分。我利用食品和药物管理局(FDA)提出的监管医学中机器学习工具的框架,表明在审查的上市前和上市后阶段解决健康差异问题有助于预测和减轻群体伤害。

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[7]
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本文引用的文献

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Envisioning a Better U.S. Health Care System for All: Reducing Barriers to Care and Addressing Social Determinants of Health.

Ann Intern Med. 2020-1-21

[2]
Dissecting racial bias in an algorithm used to manage the health of populations.

Science. 2019-10-25

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Assessing risk, automating racism.

Science. 2019-10-25

[4]
Pivotal trial of an autonomous AI-based diagnostic system for detection of diabetic retinopathy in primary care offices.

NPJ Digit Med. 2018-8-28

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Can AI Help Reduce Disparities in General Medical and Mental Health Care?

AMA J Ethics. 2019-2-1

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Ensuring Fairness in Machine Learning to Advance Health Equity.

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