新冠疫情、客运需求暴跌与机场收费
Covid -19, the collapse in passenger demand and airport charges.
作者信息
Forsyth Peter, Guiomard Cathal, Niemeier Hans-Martin
机构信息
Monash & Southern Cross University, Ireland.
Dublin City University, Ireland.
出版信息
J Air Transp Manag. 2020 Oct;89:101932. doi: 10.1016/j.jairtraman.2020.101932. Epub 2020 Sep 12.
This paper analyses the price responses of airports to a demand collapse, such as that prompted by Covid-19. In the crisis, airports need to achieve viability, in the short run through sufficient liquidity, and in the long run, by covering costs. From a public policy viewpoint, price increases in a crisis are argued to be undesirable, as they would further jeopardise the viability of airlines and tourism as well as the wider economic transport benefits such as connectivity. The institutional environment of airports differs from airport to airport; some are publicly owned, others are private but regulated, and others face competition. The price response of each (of 6) types of airport is considered, and how policy could respond to keep prices low in the crisis while ensuring longer term viability. Regulated airports could defer price increases until demand had recovered, if regulators insisted they do so. Publicly-owned airports could be directed by governments to keep charges low. Governments might also state that unregulated airports that raised charges could be made subject to price regulation in the future. Competitive airports would be unable to raise charges but this could jeopardise their viability. In this case and others where airports might need financial assistance, assistance could be made conditional on keeping charges low in the crisis.
本文分析了机场对需求暴跌(如由新冠疫情引发的需求暴跌)的价格反应。在危机中,机场需要实现生存能力,短期内要具备充足的流动性,长期而言则要覆盖成本。从公共政策的角度来看,危机期间的价格上涨被认为是不可取的,因为这会进一步危及航空公司和旅游业的生存能力,以及诸如连通性等更广泛的经济运输效益。机场的制度环境因机场而异;有些是公有,有些是私有但受监管,还有些面临竞争。本文考虑了六种类型机场中每一种的价格反应,以及政策应如何应对,以便在危机期间保持低价的同时确保长期生存能力。如果监管机构坚持,受监管的机场可以推迟提价,直到需求恢复。政府可以指示公有机场保持低收费。政府还可以声明,提高收费的非受监管机场未来可能会受到价格管制。竞争性机场无法提高收费,但这可能危及它们的生存能力。在这种情况下以及其他机场可能需要财政援助的情况下,可以将援助条件设定为在危机期间保持低收费。