School of Nursing and Midwifery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
Department of Paediatric Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
Nurs Crit Care. 2021 Nov;26(6):425-431. doi: 10.1111/nicc.12548. Epub 2020 Sep 20.
BACKGROUND: Understanding factors that can potentially influence patient care and nursing workload in intensive care units is important. Previous studies have shown contradictory outcomes about the relationships between nursing workload and patient and nurse characteristics. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate nursing workload in intensive care units and examine the association between this in relation to patient and nurse characteristics. DESIGN: A cross-sectional design was conducted. METHODS: All nurses who were working in the intensive care units of five hospitals and met the study criteria were enrolled in the study. Two demographic questionnaires collected nurse and patient demographic information. The Nursing Activities Score was applied to determine nursing workload in three shifts (morning, evening, night) for each nurse. Data were analysed using the independent sample t-test, one-way analysis of variance, and multivariable linear regression analysis. RESULTS: The Nursing Activities Score was calculated for 509 patients who were under the care of 105 intensive care unit nurses. The mean (SD) Nursing Activities Score was 72.84% (22.07%). Morning shifts, male patients, medical treatments, and referred patients from the emergency ward and other intensive care units imposed a higher workload for nurses. Specifically, female nurses, increased number of patients receiving care, and increased patient length of intensive care unit stay were directly associated with increased Nursing Activities Scores. Work in surgical and burn intensive care units were inversely associated with the Nursing Activities Score. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that the workload of nurses in intensive care units can be affected by both nurse and patient characteristics. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: The findings can be used to ensure appropriate staffing of intensive care units by nurses. However, nurse and patient characteristics should not be considered the only factors that influence nursing workload in intensive care units.
背景：了解可能影响重症监护病房患者护理和护理工作量的因素非常重要。先前的研究表明，护理工作量与患者和护士特征之间的关系存在矛盾的结果。
目的和目标：本研究旨在调查重症监护病房的护理工作量，并研究护理工作量与患者和护士特征之间的关系。
设计：采用横断面设计。
方法：符合研究标准的在五家医院的重症监护病房工作的所有护士均被纳入研究。两份人口统计学问卷收集了护士和患者的人口统计学信息。护理活动评分用于确定每位护士在三个班次（早班、晚班、夜班）的护理工作量。使用独立样本 t 检验、单因素方差分析和多变量线性回归分析对数据进行分析。
结果：对 509 名接受 105 名重症监护病房护士护理的患者计算了护理活动评分。护理活动评分的平均值（标准差）为 72.84%（22.07%）。早班、男性患者、医疗治疗以及从急诊病房和其他重症监护病房转来的患者给护士带来了更高的工作量。具体而言，女性护士、接受护理的患者人数增加以及患者在重症监护病房的住院时间延长与护理活动评分增加直接相关。在外科和烧伤重症监护病房工作与护理活动评分呈负相关。
结论：本研究表明，重症监护病房护士的工作量可能受到护士和患者特征的影响。
临床意义：研究结果可用于确保重症监护病房有足够的护士人员配备。然而，护士和患者特征不应被视为影响重症监护病房护理工作量的唯一因素。
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