使用护理活动评分（NAS）量表评估重症监护病房（ICU）护理工作量作为死亡率预测指标。
Assessment of Nursing Workload as a Mortality Predictor in Intensive Care Units (ICU) Using the Nursing Activities Score (NAS) Scale.
机构信息
Department of Nursing, School of Health and Care Sciences, University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, Greece.
Intensive Care Unit, General Hospital Korgialenio-Benakio E.E.S, 11526 Athens, Greece.
出版信息
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Dec 24;18(1):79. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18010079.
INTRODUCTION
Nursing activities score scales are valuable instruments for assessing the quality of nursing care provided in critically ill patients and easy to use in validating nurse staffing. The aim of this study was the assessment of nursing workload (NW) as a predictive factor of mortality by using the nursing activities score (NAS) scale.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
In this cross-sectional study of 91 days during 2019, convenience sampling was employed to recruit 82 registered nurses (RN) from three intensive care units (ICUs) of two public hospitals with 41 beds in total. Data were collected using the NAS scale, the researcher's observation, the information given by the staff, and the nursing care reports. Descriptive and inductive statistics were used with significance level α = 0.05. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS 25.0) was used for analyzing the data.
RESULTS
Females were the majority of the sample (84.1%), with a mean age of 38.9 (7.7) years, 87.8% had a nursing degree from a technological educational institute (T.E.I), the average working experience was 14 (8.1) years and the ICU experience was 12.9 (8.5) years. There were 3764 daily records of NAS with an average of 54.81 (2.34) and total NAS of 756.51 (150.27). The NW of the first day's admission in the ICU was 65.15 (13.05), NW was 13.15 h/day and the NW of patients who died was 57.37 (4.06). The optimal nurse/patient ratio (NPR) was 1:1.82, while the existing NPR was 1:2.86. The mortality rate was 28.7%.
CONCLUSION
Although the study results did not demonstrate a significant correlation between NW and mortality, the NW in ICU appeared to be relatively higher for patients who died than for those who survived. This result may serve as an indication for a positive correlation between these two variables. In addition, NW was found to be moderate, while one ICU nurse can take care of more than one patient.
介绍
护理活动评分量表是评估危重症患者护理质量的有用工具，并且易于用于验证护士人力配置。本研究的目的是使用护理活动评分（NAS）量表评估护理工作量（NW）作为死亡率的预测因素。
材料和方法
在这项 2019 年为期 91 天的横断面研究中，采用便利抽样法招募了来自两家公立医院的三个重症监护病房（ICU）的 82 名注册护士（RN），共有 41 张床位。数据收集使用了 NAS 量表、研究者观察、工作人员提供的信息和护理记录报告。采用描述性和归纳性统计方法，显著性水平α=0.05。使用社会科学统计软件包（SPSS 25.0）对数据进行分析。
结果
女性是样本的大多数（84.1%），平均年龄为 38.9（7.7）岁，87.8%来自技术教育学院（T.E.I）的护理学位，平均工作经验为 14（8.1）年，ICU 经验为 12.9（8.5）年。有 3764 份每日 NAS 记录，平均为 54.81（2.34），总 NAS 为 756.51（150.27）。ICU 入院第一天的 NW 为 65.15（13.05），NW 为 13.15 小时/天，死亡患者的 NW 为 57.37（4.06）。最佳护士/患者比例（NPR）为 1:1.82，而现有 NPR 为 1:2.86。死亡率为 28.7%。
结论
尽管研究结果显示 NW 与死亡率之间没有显著相关性，但 ICU 中死亡患者的 NW 似乎高于存活患者。这一结果可能表明这两个变量之间存在正相关。此外，NW 被认为是中度的，一名 ICU 护士可以照顾不止一名患者。
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