Respiratory and Exercise Physiology Research Group, School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, Queensland, Australia.
Centre for Health, Informatics, and Economic Research, Institute for Resilient Regions, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, Queensland, Australia.
J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2021 Mar;41(3):447-470. doi: 10.1177/0271678X20957807. Epub 2020 Sep 20.
Derangements in cerebrovascular structure and function can impair cognitive performance throughout ageing and in cardiometabolic disease states, thus increasing dementia risk. Modifiable lifestyle factors that cause a decline in cardiometabolic health, such as physical inactivity, exacerbate these changes beyond those that are associated with normal ageing. The purpose of this review was to examine cerebrovascular, cognitive and neuroanatomical adaptations to ageing and the potential benefits of exercise training on these outcomes in adults 50 years or older. We systematically searched for cross-sectional or intervention studies that included exercise (aerobic, resistance or multimodal) and its effect on cerebrovascular function, cognition and neuroanatomical adaptations in this age demographic. The included studies were tabulated and described narratively. Aerobic exercise training was the predominant focus of the studies identified; there were limited studies exploring the effects of resistance exercise training and multimodal training on cerebrovascular function and cognition. Collectively, the evidence indicated that exercise can improve cerebrovascular function, cognition and neuroplasticity through areas of the brain associated with executive function and memory in adults 50 years or older, irrespective of their health status. However, more research is required to ascertain the mechanisms of action.
脑血管结构和功能的紊乱会损害整个衰老过程和心血管代谢疾病状态下的认知表现，从而增加痴呆的风险。可改变的生活方式因素，如身体活动不足，会加剧这些变化，超出与正常衰老相关的变化。本综述的目的是研究脑血管、认知和神经解剖学对衰老的适应，以及运动训练对 50 岁或以上成年人这些结果的潜在益处。我们系统地搜索了包括运动（有氧运动、抗阻运动或多模式运动）及其对该年龄段人群脑血管功能、认知和神经解剖学适应影响的横断面或干预研究。纳入的研究被制表并进行了叙述性描述。有氧运动训练是确定研究的主要焦点；很少有研究探索抗阻运动训练和多模式训练对脑血管功能和认知的影响。总的来说，有证据表明，运动可以通过与执行功能和记忆相关的大脑区域改善 50 岁或以上成年人的脑血管功能、认知和神经可塑性，无论其健康状况如何。然而，需要更多的研究来确定作用机制。
