Delezie Julien, Handschin Christoph
Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Front Neurol. 2018 Aug 24;9:698. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00698. eCollection 2018.
Skeletal muscle is an essential regulator of energy homeostasis and a potent coordinator of exercise-induced adaptations in other organs including the liver, fat or the brain. Skeletal muscle-initiated crosstalk with other tissues is accomplished though the secretion of myokines, protein hormones which can exert autocrine, paracrine and long-distance endocrine effects. In addition, the enhanced release or uptake of metabolites from and into contracting muscle cells, respectively, likewise can act as a powerful mediator of tissue interactions, in particular in regard to the central nervous system. The present review will discuss the current stage of knowledge regarding how exercise and the muscle secretome improve a broad range of brain functions related to vascularization, neuroplasticity, memory, sleep and mood. Even though the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the communication between muscle and brain is still poorly understood, physical activity represents one of the most effective strategies to reduce the prevalence and incidence of depression, cognitive, metabolic or degenerative neuronal disorders, and thus warrants further study.
骨骼肌是能量稳态的重要调节者，也是运动诱导的包括肝脏、脂肪或大脑在内的其他器官适应性变化的有力协调者。骨骼肌与其他组织之间的相互作用是通过肌因子的分泌来实现的，肌因子是一种蛋白质激素，可发挥自分泌、旁分泌和远距离内分泌作用。此外，收缩的肌肉细胞分别增强代谢产物的释放或摄取，同样可作为组织相互作用的有力介质，特别是在中枢神经系统方面。本综述将讨论关于运动和肌肉分泌组如何改善与血管生成、神经可塑性、记忆、睡眠和情绪相关的广泛脑功能的当前知识阶段。尽管肌肉与大脑之间通讯的分子和细胞机制仍知之甚少，但体育活动是降低抑郁症、认知、代谢或退行性神经疾病的患病率和发病率的最有效策略之一，因此值得进一步研究。
