Kendall Bradley J, Siekirk Nicholas J, Lai Qin
Department of Kinesiology, Taylor University, Upland, CA, USA -
Division of Kinesiology, Health and Sport Studies, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA -
J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2020 Aug;60(8):1065-1071. doi: 10.23736/S0022-4707.20.10580-2.
It is well established that acute exercise improves cognitive function. However, less is known about the effects of exercise on motor skill acquisition. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of acute high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on motor skill acquisition.
Sixty individuals (27 males, 33 females) between 18 and 40 years of age participated in two testing sessions separated by one week. During visit 1, participants performed one block of a continuous tracking, force control task to establish baseline ability. Participants were then randomized to either an aerobic-only HIIT group (HIIT-A), an aerobic/resistance HIIT group (HIIT-AR), or a resting control group. Both exercise groups performed a 20-minute, digital versatile disc (DVD)-delivered HIIT exercise protocol during visit 2. Following exercise or rest, all participants performed five blocks of the same force control task to assess skill acquisition.
On visit 2, the HIIT-A group had a significantly lower total performance error (E) compared to the control group (P<0.05). Both exercise groups (HIIT-A and HIIT-AR) had a significantly lower peak amplitude error (PE) following exercise compared to the control group (P<0.05). No significant group differences were observed for temporal error (TE). Additionally, no significant differences were observed between the exercise groups (P>0.05).
These findings suggest that acute HIIT-A improves motor skill acquisition compared to rest. Furthermore, improvements in acquisition appeared to be a result of improved spatial accuracy. Therefore, performing HIIT-A prior to practicing a motor task may help reduce total error during the motor skill acquisition phase.
急性运动可改善认知功能，这一点已得到充分证实。然而，运动对运动技能习得的影响却鲜为人知。因此，本研究调查了急性高强度间歇训练（HIIT）对运动技能习得的影响。
60名年龄在18至40岁之间的个体（27名男性，33名女性）参加了为期一周、分为两个阶段的测试。在第一次测试中，参与者完成一组连续跟踪、力量控制任务以确定基线能力。然后，参与者被随机分为单纯有氧HIIT组（HIIT-A）、有氧/抗阻HIIT组（HIIT-AR）或静息对照组。两个运动组在第二次测试中均进行了20分钟、通过数字多功能光盘（DVD）提供的HIIT运动方案。运动或休息后，所有参与者完成五组相同的力量控制任务以评估技能习得情况。
在第二次测试中，HIIT-A组的总表现误差（E）显著低于对照组（P<0.05）。与对照组相比，两个运动组（HIIT-A和HIIT-AR）运动后的峰值幅度误差（PE）均显著降低（P<0.05）。时间误差（TE）方面未观察到显著的组间差异。此外，运动组之间也未观察到显著差异（P>0.05）。
这些结果表明，与休息相比，急性HIIT-A可改善运动技能习得。此外，习得的改善似乎是空间准确性提高的结果。因此，在进行运动任务练习之前进行HIIT-A可能有助于减少运动技能习得阶段的总误差。
