Independent researcher, unaffiliated.
Department of Clinical Research, Zan Mitrev Clinic, St. Bledski Dogovor 8, 1000 Skopje, The Republic of North Macedonia.
Open Biol. 2020 Sep;10(9):200160. doi: 10.1098/rsob.200160. Epub 2020 Sep 23.
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has swept the world, unlike any other pandemic in the last 50 years. Our understanding of the disease has evolved rapidly since the outbreak; disease prognosis is influenced mainly by multi-organ involvement. Acute respiratory distress syndrome, heart failure, renal failure, liver damage, shock and multi-organ failure are strongly associated with morbidity and mortality. The COVID-19 disease pathology is plausibly linked to the hyperinflammatory response of the body characterized by pathological cytokine levels. The term 'cytokine storm syndrome' is perhaps one of the critical hallmarks of COVID-19 disease severity. In this review, we highlight prominent cytokine families and their potential role in COVID-19, the type I and II interferons, tumour necrosis factor and members of the Interleukin family. We address various changes in cellular components of the immune response corroborating with changes in cytokine levels while discussing cytokine sources and biological functions. Finally, we discuss in brief potential therapies attempting to modulate the cytokine storm.
新型冠状病毒病（COVID-19）在过去 50 年里席卷全球，不同于以往任何一次大流行。自疫情爆发以来，我们对这种疾病的认识迅速发展；疾病预后主要受多器官受累的影响。急性呼吸窘迫综合征、心力衰竭、肾衰竭、肝损伤、休克和多器官衰竭与发病率和死亡率密切相关。COVID-19 疾病病理学与以病理性细胞因子水平为特征的身体过度炎症反应有合理的联系。“细胞因子风暴综合征”一词可能是 COVID-19 疾病严重程度的关键特征之一。在这篇综述中，我们强调了突出的细胞因子家族及其在 COVID-19 中的潜在作用，包括 I 型和 II 型干扰素、肿瘤坏死因子和白细胞介素家族成员。我们讨论了细胞免疫反应的各种变化，这些变化与细胞因子水平的变化相吻合，同时讨论了细胞因子的来源和生物学功能。最后，我们简要讨论了试图调节细胞因子风暴的潜在治疗方法。
