Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Surv Ophthalmol. 2021 May-Jun;66(3):423-440. doi: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2020.09.002. Epub 2020 Sep 19.
Age-related macular degeneration, the leading cause of irreversible visual loss among older adults in developed countries, is a chronic, multifactorial, and progressive disease with the development of painless, central vision loss. Retinal pigment epithelial cell dysfunction is a core change in age-related macular degeneration that results from aging and the accumulated effects of genetic and environmental factors that, in part, is both caused by and leads to oxidative stress. In this review, we describe the role of oxidative stress, the cytoprotective oxidative stress pathways, and the impact of oxidative stress on critical cellular processes involved in age-related macular degeneration pathobiology. We also offer targeted therapy that may define how antioxidant therapy can either prevent or improve specific stages of age-related macular degeneration.
年龄相关性黄斑变性是发达国家中导致老年人不可逆性视力丧失的主要原因，是一种慢性、多因素、进行性疾病，可导致无痛性中心视力丧失。视网膜色素上皮细胞功能障碍是年龄相关性黄斑变性的核心变化，它是由衰老和遗传及环境因素的累积效应引起的，部分原因是由氧化应激引起的，也导致了氧化应激。在这篇综述中，我们描述了氧化应激的作用、细胞保护性氧化应激途径，以及氧化应激对年龄相关性黄斑变性病理生物学中涉及的关键细胞过程的影响。我们还提供了靶向治疗方法，这可能会定义抗氧化治疗如何预防或改善年龄相关性黄斑变性的特定阶段。
