Lu Yicheng, Li Chen, Liu Yueqi, Wu Tianhong, Lu Peirong
Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 899 Pinghai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China.
BMC Ophthalmol. 2025 May 30;25(1):327. doi: 10.1186/s12886-025-04156-y.
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a significant global cause of visual impairment. Our study seeks to explore the relationship between the intake of copper, iron, zinc, selenium in diet and late AMD.
In this cross-sectional study, we utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted during 2005-2008. We employed three logistic regression models with or without adjustments to examine the association between dietary copper, iron, zinc, selenium and late AMD.
Our study involved 4996 individuals aged 40 years and above with graded fundus pictures and dietary trace element intake data from a representative sample. The levels of copper intake were linked to a reduced risk of late AMD, resulting in odds ratios (OR) of 0.24 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.13-0.46), 0.38 (95% CI = 0.16-0.90), and 0.37 (95% CI = 0.17-0.82) for crude model 1, adjusted model 2, and adjusted model 3 respectively. The intake levels of dietary iron, zinc and selenium showed an inverse correlation with the prevalence of late AMD in the crude model; ORs (95% CI) were as follows: Iron - 0.92 (0.86, 0.97); Zinc- 0.88 (0.81, 0.96); Selenium- 0.98 (0.97, 0.99). However, in model 2 and 3, no significant association was observed between these three elements and late AMD. In subgroup analysis divided by age, there was only a significant inverse correlation observed between late AMD and copper intake in 70-85 years of age group.
Our findings suggest a higher dietary copper intake may be associated with a reduced risk of late AMD, with the protective effect remaining significant among individuals aged 70-85 years. While no significant association was identified between dietary intake of iron, zinc, selenium and AMD after adjusting for confounding factors. Further research is warranted to elucidate the mechanism underlying the relationship.
年龄相关性黄斑变性（AMD）是全球视力损害的一个重要原因。我们的研究旨在探讨饮食中铜、铁、锌、硒的摄入量与晚期AMD之间的关系。
在这项横断面研究中，我们使用了2005 - 2008年期间进行的美国国家健康与营养检查调查（NHANES）的数据。我们采用了三个有或无调整的逻辑回归模型来检验饮食中铜、铁、锌、硒与晚期AMD之间的关联。
我们的研究涉及4996名40岁及以上的个体，他们有分级眼底照片和来自代表性样本的饮食微量元素摄入数据。铜摄入量与晚期AMD风险降低有关，在未调整模型1、调整模型2和调整模型3中，比值比（OR）分别为0.24（95%置信区间[CI] = 0.13 - 0.46）、0.38（95% CI = 0.16 - 0.90）和0.37（95% CI = 0.17 - 0.82）。在未调整模型中，饮食中铁、锌和硒的摄入量与晚期AMD的患病率呈负相关；OR（95% CI）如下：铁 - 0.92（0.86，0.97）；锌 - 0.88（0.81，0.96）；硒 - 0.98（0.97，0.99）。然而，在模型2和3中，未观察到这三种元素与晚期AMD之间存在显著关联。在按年龄划分的亚组分析中，仅在70 - 85岁年龄组中观察到晚期AMD与铜摄入量之间存在显著负相关。
我们的研究结果表明，较高的饮食铜摄入量可能与晚期AMD风险降低有关，在70 - 85岁个体中保护作用仍然显著。在调整混杂因素后，未发现饮食中铁、锌、硒的摄入量与AMD之间存在显著关联。有必要进行进一步研究以阐明这种关系的潜在机制。
