Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, USA.
Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
Pediatr Res. 2021 Jul;90(1):140-147. doi: 10.1038/s41390-020-01157-z. Epub 2020 Sep 22.
This study longitudinally characterized the developmental status, growth, and body composition of children who were fed human milk (breastfed, BF), cow's milk-based (MF), or soy protein-based (SF) infant formula from 3 to 12 months.
Standardized anthropometrics and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry were used to characterize growth and body composition at 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, and 72 months (NCT00616395). Preschool Language Scale-3, Children's Memory Scale Index (CMS), and Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence were administered at age 72 months. Mixed-effects models adjusting for gestational age, birth weight, child race and sex, parental education, and maternal IQ were performed.
Body Mass index (BMI) was significantly lower between 24 and 72 months in BF children compared to SF children. At 3 and 6 months, BF infants had significantly higher fat mass (FM) than SF infants, whereas BF children had significantly lower FM at 36 and 48 months than SF children. Delayed Recognition Index of the CMS was higher for SF than for MF participants (p = 0.009). There was no other significant difference in developmental outcomes between groups.
In conclusion, BF, MF, and SF support adequate growth and development up to age 6 years.
Although soy protein-based infant formula is reported to support normal infant growth and development compared to cow's milk-based formula and human milk, there are limited data on the effect of these feeding methods in school-aged children. This study suggests a significant difference in body composition, specifically BMI, after 24 months between infant feeding methods during the first year of life and in early childhood; however, all diets provide adequate nutrients to maintain normal development up to 72 months.
本研究从 3 个月到 12 个月对接受人乳（母乳喂养，BF）、牛奶基（MF）或大豆蛋白基（SF）配方奶喂养的儿童进行了纵向发育状况、生长和身体成分的研究。
使用标准化人体测量学和双能 X 射线吸收法在 3、6、9、12、24、36、48、60 和 72 个月时评估生长和身体成分（NCT00616395）。在 72 个月时进行了学前语言量表-3、儿童记忆量表指数（CMS）和韦氏学前和小学智力量表的评估。采用混合效应模型，根据胎龄、出生体重、儿童种族和性别、父母教育程度和母亲智商进行调整。
与 SF 儿童相比，BF 儿童在 24 至 72 个月期间 BMI 显著降低。在 3 个月和 6 个月时，BF 婴儿的脂肪量（FM）显著高于 SF 婴儿，而 BF 婴儿在 36 个月和 48 个月时的 FM 显著低于 SF 婴儿。SF 组的 CMS 识别延迟指数高于 MF 组（p=0.009）。各组在发育结果方面没有其他显著差异。
总之，BF、MF 和 SF 可支持儿童在 6 岁之前的生长发育。
尽管与牛奶基配方奶相比，大豆蛋白基婴儿配方奶被报道可支持婴儿的正常生长发育，但关于这些喂养方法在学龄儿童中的效果的数据有限。本研究表明，在生命的第一年和幼儿期，婴儿喂养方法在 24 个月后对身体成分（特别是 BMI）存在显著差异；然而，所有饮食都提供了足够的营养物质以维持儿童在 72 个月时的正常发育。
