Danone Nutricia Research, Uppsalalaan 12, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Singapore, Singapore.
Eur J Pediatr. 2024 Nov;183(11):4693-4704. doi: 10.1007/s00431-024-05726-w. Epub 2024 Aug 26.
Currently available guidelines on the daily formula milk requirements of infants are based on the needs of infants with their growth pattern following the 50th percentile of the weight-for-age growth curve. Hence, current recommendations may not thoroughly detail the needs of infants across the broad spectrum of body weight percentiles. This study aimed to provide stratified recommendations for daily formula milk intake of fully formula-fed infants, across different weight-for-age categories from 0 to 4 months. At first, theoretical age- and gender-specific weight ranges were constructed for infants across five pre-defined weight-for-length percentile categories of the WHO growth standard. Thereafter, total daily energy requirements for each category were calculated and converted to daily formula milk needs. Subsequently, these stratified age- and weight-formula milk recommendations were compared to actual daily and relative formula milk of infants in these categories, retrieved from pooled individual infant formula milk intake data derived from 13 clinical intervention trials. A fitted regression model was used to evaluate differences in volume intakes across body weight categories as well as between theoretically derived and actual intake values. Median daily formula milk volume intake (ml/day) of infants differed significantly across the increasing weight-for-age categories at each time point, with significant differences between small and large infants. Interestingly, the relative daily formula milk volume intake (ml/kg/day) was higher for smaller infants compared to larger infants. The mean daily and relative formula milk intakes demonstrated the same pattern based on theoretical calculations as well as for the actual formula milk intake values retrieved from 13 pooled clinical intervention trials.
Based on theoretical calculations and actual formula intake data, we conclude that larger infants require a significantly higher daily formula milk intake than smaller infants, and we postulate that infants could benefit from more tailored formula milk intake recommendations.
• Adequate energy intake during the infancy period is crucial to support optimal growth and organ development, with the potential for long-lasting health effects. • Current available guidelines on the daily formula milk requirements of infants are based on the needs of infants with their growth pattern following the 50th percentile of the weight-for-age growth curve.
• Based on using both theoretical calculations and actual formula intake data, larger infants require a significantly higher daily formula milk intake than smaller infants. • Exclusive formula-fed infants could benefit from more tailored formula milk intake recommendations, in early infancy.
目前关于婴儿配方奶日需求量的指南是基于遵循体重-年龄生长曲线第 50 百分位的生长模式的婴儿需求制定的。因此，目前的建议可能无法详细说明广泛体重百分位范围内婴儿的需求。本研究旨在为 0-4 个月完全配方奶喂养的婴儿提供按体重-年龄分类的配方奶日摄入量分层建议。首先，为 WHO 生长标准中五个预先定义的身长别体重百分位类别中的婴儿构建了理论上年龄和性别特异性的体重范围。然后，计算每个类别的总日能量需求，并转换为每日配方奶需求。随后，将这些分层的年龄和体重-配方奶推荐与从 13 项临床干预试验中汇总的个体婴儿配方奶摄入量数据中检索到的这些类别中婴儿的实际每日和相对配方奶进行比较。使用拟合回归模型评估体重类别之间以及理论推导和实际摄入量之间的体积摄入量差异。在每个时间点，婴儿的每日配方奶体积摄入量（ml/天）随体重-年龄类别的增加而显著不同，小体重和大体重婴儿之间存在显著差异。有趣的是，与大体重婴儿相比，小体重婴儿的相对每日配方奶体积摄入量（ml/kg/天）更高。基于理论计算和从 13 项汇总临床干预试验中检索到的实际配方奶摄入量数据，平均每日和相对配方奶摄入量表现出相同的模式。
基于理论计算和实际配方奶摄入量数据，我们得出结论，较大的婴儿比较小的婴儿需要更高的每日配方奶摄入量，我们推测婴儿可能受益于更有针对性的配方奶摄入量建议。
• 在婴儿期，充足的能量摄入对于支持最佳生长和器官发育至关重要，并且可能对长期健康产生影响。• 目前关于婴儿配方奶日需求量的指南是基于遵循体重-年龄生长曲线第 50 百分位的生长模式的婴儿需求制定的。
• 基于使用理论计算和实际配方奶摄入量数据，较大的婴儿比较小的婴儿需要更高的每日配方奶摄入量。• 完全配方奶喂养的婴儿，尤其是在婴儿早期，可以从更有针对性的配方奶摄入量建议中受益。
