Fasoli Sabrina, Andreani Giulia, Dondi Francesco, Ferlizza Enea, Bellei Elisa, Isani Gloria
Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna 40064, Italy.
Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy.
Animals (Basel). 2020 Sep 19;10(9):1696. doi: 10.3390/ani10091696.
Urinalysis is widely recognized to be a useful tool in routine health investigations, since it can diagnose numerous pathologies. Considering the paucity of knowledge concerning giraffes, urine from 44 giraffes () (18 males and 26 females, from 3 months of age to 21 years of age) underwent routine urinalysis, 1D-electrophoresis, and protein identification using mass spectrometry, with the aim of identifying the urinary reference values and the urine proteome. The urine specific gravity (USG), urine total proteins (uTP), urine creatinine (uCr), and urine protein:creatinine ratio (UPC) reference values, reported as the median, and lower limit (LL) and upper limit (UL), were 1.030 (1006-1.049), 17.58 (4.54-35.31) mg/dL, 154.62 (39.59-357.95) mg/dL, and 0.11 (0.07-0.16), respectively. Mass spectrometry, together with electrophoresis, revealed a pattern of common urinary proteins; albumin, lysozyme C, and ubiquitin were the most represented proteins in the giraffe urine. It has been hypothesized that these proteins could act as a defense against microbes. Moreover, in giraffes, urinalysis could be a valid tool for gauging renal function and physiological status changes.
尿液分析被广泛认为是常规健康检查中的一种有用工具，因为它可以诊断多种病症。鉴于关于长颈鹿的知识匮乏，对44头长颈鹿（18头雄性和26头雌性，年龄从3个月到21岁）的尿液进行了常规尿液分析、一维电泳和使用质谱法进行蛋白质鉴定，目的是确定尿液参考值和尿液蛋白质组。尿液比重（USG）、尿液总蛋白（uTP）、尿液肌酐（uCr）和尿液蛋白：肌酐比值（UPC）的参考值，以中位数、下限（LL）和上限（UL）表示，分别为1.030（1.006 - 1.049）、17.58（4.54 - 35.31）mg/dL、154.62（39.59 - 357.95）mg/dL和0.11（0.07 - 0.16）。质谱法与电泳一起揭示了常见尿液蛋白质的模式；白蛋白、溶菌酶C和泛素是长颈鹿尿液中最具代表性的蛋白质。据推测，这些蛋白质可能起到抵御微生物的作用。此外，在长颈鹿中，尿液分析可能是评估肾功能和生理状态变化的有效工具。
