Xie Jingbo, Guo Jian, Kanwal Zaeema, Wu Mingzheng, Lv Xiangyang, Ibrahim Nihal Abdalla, Li Ping, Buabeid Manal Ali, Arafa El-Shaimaa A, Sun Qingshan
Department of Orthopedics, Fengcheng People's Hospital, Fengcheng, Jiangxi 331100, China.
Department of the Second Orthopedics, Hongdu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang Hongdu Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330008, China.
Int J Endocrinol. 2020 Sep 10;2020:3236828. doi: 10.1155/2020/3236828. eCollection 2020.
Calcitonin was discovered as a peptide hormone that was known to reduce the calcium levels in the systemic circulation. This hypocalcemic effect is produced due to multiple reasons such as inhibition of bone resorption or suppression of calcium release from the bone. Thus, calcitonin was said as a primary regulator of the bone resorption process. This is the reason why calcitonin has been used widely in clinics for the treatment of bone disorders such as osteoporosis, hypercalcemia, and Paget's disease. However, presently calcitonin usage is declined due to the development of efficacious formulations of new drugs. Calcitonin gene-related peptides and several other peptides such as intermedin, amylin, and adrenomedullin (ADM) are categorized in calcitonin family. These peptides are known for the structural similarity with calcitonin. Aside from having a similar structure, these peptides have few overlapping biological activities and signal transduction action through related receptors. However, several other activities are also present that are peptide specific. and studies documented the posttreatment effects of calcitonin peptides, i.e., positive effect on bone osteoblasts and their formation and negative effect on osteoclasts and their resorption. The recent research studies carried out on genetically modified mice showed the inhibition of osteoclast activity by amylin, while astonishingly calcitonin plays its role by suppressing osteoblast and bone turnover. This article describes the review of the bone, the activity of the calcitonin family of peptides, and the link between them.
降钙素最初被发现是一种肽类激素，已知它能降低体循环中的钙水平。这种降钙作用是由多种原因引起的，比如抑制骨吸收或抑制钙从骨骼中释放。因此，降钙素被认为是骨吸收过程的主要调节因子。这就是降钙素在临床上被广泛用于治疗骨质疏松症、高钙血症和佩吉特病等骨疾病的原因。然而，由于新型有效药物制剂的研发，目前降钙素的使用量有所下降。降钙素基因相关肽以及其他几种肽，如介白素、胰淀素和肾上腺髓质素（ADM），都被归类于降钙素家族。这些肽以与降钙素结构相似而闻名。除了结构相似外，这些肽还有一些重叠的生物学活性以及通过相关受体的信号转导作用。然而，也存在一些其他特定于肽的活性。 研究记录了降钙素肽的治疗后效应，即对骨成骨细胞及其形成有积极作用，而对破骨细胞及其吸收有消极作用。最近对转基因小鼠进行的研究表明，胰淀素可抑制破骨细胞活性，而令人惊讶的是，降钙素通过抑制成骨细胞和骨转换发挥作用。本文描述了对骨骼、降钙素肽家族的活性以及它们之间联系的综述。
