Muriuki Susan W, Neondo Johnstone O, Budambula Nancy L M
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Embu, P.O. Box 6-60100, Embu, Kenya.
Institute for Biotechnology Research, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O. Box 62000-00200, Nairobi, Kenya.
Int J Microbiol. 2020 Sep 4;2020:6572693. doi: 10.1155/2020/6572693. eCollection 2020.
The emergence and persistence of antibiotic resistance remain formidable health challenges. This study aimed at detecting and profiling antibiotic resistance of bacterial contaminants in vended food and the environment. Seventy antibiotic-resistant bacterial isolates were isolated from fried fish, African sausages, roasted meat, smokies, samosa, chips (potato fries), vegetable salads, and soil samples collected from Embu Town and Kangaru Market in Embu County, Kenya. The antibiotic susceptibility test, morphological and biochemical characterization, antibiosis assay, polymerase chain reaction-based detection of antibiotic resistance genes, and sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene were done. Analysis of variance on all measured data was done, and Tukey's honest test was used to compare and separate mean diameters of zones inhibition. Resistance of bacterial isolates to antibiotics was chloramphenicol (90%), cefotaxime (84.29%), nalidixic acid (81.43%), tetracycline (77.14%), amoxicillin (72.86%), gentamycin (48.57%), streptomycin (32.86%), and trimethoprim + sulphamethoxazole (30%). Isolate KMP337, spp., exhibited highly significant antibiosis against recording a mean inhibition diameter and standard error (SE) of 16.33 ± 0.88 mm, respectively, at =0.001. The 70 bacterial isolates belonged to , , , and genera. The study isolated (KC75) which is a risk group 2 as well as (KMP95) and (KS606) which are risk group 3 organisms. The presence of antibiotic resistance genes A, A and genes was confirmed by a polymerase chain reaction. Samples from Kangaru Market recorded a higher (88.57%) proportion of resistant isolates as compared to isolates from Embu Town (11.43%). The study confirmed the presence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in vended fast food and the soil in Embu Town and Kangaru Market. This study calls for continuous monitoring of bacterial status and hygienic handling of vended food.
抗生素耐药性的出现和持续存在仍然是严峻的健康挑战。本研究旨在检测和分析市售食品及环境中细菌污染物的抗生素耐药性。从肯尼亚恩布县恩布镇和坎加鲁市场采集的炸鱼、非洲香肠、烤肉、烟熏食品、萨莫萨三角饺、薯片（薯条）、蔬菜沙拉和土壤样本中分离出70株抗生素耐药性细菌菌株。进行了抗生素敏感性试验、形态学和生化特征分析、抗菌试验、基于聚合酶链反应的抗生素耐药基因检测以及16S rRNA基因测序。对所有测量数据进行了方差分析，并使用Tukey诚实检验来比较和区分抑菌圈的平均直径。细菌菌株对抗生素的耐药情况为：氯霉素（90%）、头孢噻肟（84.29%）、萘啶酸（81.43%）、四环素（77.14%）、阿莫西林（72.86%）、庆大霉素（48.57%）、链霉素（32.86%）和甲氧苄啶+磺胺甲恶唑（30%）。菌株KMP337， spp.，对 表现出高度显著的抗菌活性，在 =0.001时，平均抑菌直径和标准误（SE）分别为16.33±0.88毫米。这70株细菌菌株属于 、 、 、 和 属。该研究分离出了风险等级为2的 （KC75）以及风险等级为3的生物体 （KMP95）和 （KS606）。通过聚合酶链反应确认了抗生素耐药基因 A、 A和 基因的存在。与恩布镇的分离株（11.43%）相比，坎加鲁市场的样本中耐药分离株的比例更高（88.57%）。该研究证实了恩布镇和坎加鲁市场的市售快餐及土壤中存在抗生素耐药细菌。本研究呼吁持续监测细菌状况并对市售食品进行卫生处理。
