Unité de recherche EPI (Etudes Pharmacoimmunologiques), Université de la Réunion, 97400, St Denis, La Réunion, France.
Service de Rhumatologie, CHU Bellepierre, Felix Guyon et Unité de recherche EPI, 97400, St Denis, La Réunion, France.
J Neuroimmune Pharmacol. 2020 Dec;15(4):838-851. doi: 10.1007/s11481-020-09958-z. Epub 2020 Sep 23.
In contrast to the significant advances in our understanding of the mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) populations in bone marrow (BM), little is known about the MSCs that are resident in the synovial joint and their possible roles in the tissue homeostasis, chronic inflammation as well as in repair. Neural crest is a transient embryonic structure, generating multipotential MSC capable of migrating along peripheral nerves and blood vessels to colonize most tissue types. In adult, these MSC can provide functional stromal support as a stem cell niche for lymphocyte progenitors for instance in the BM and the thymus. Critically, MSC have major immunoregulatory activities to control adverse inflammation and infection. These MSC will remain associated to vessels (perivascular (p) MSC) and their unique expression of markers such as myelin P0 and transcription factors (e.g. Gli1 and FoxD1) has been instrumental to develop transgenic mice to trace the fate of these cells in health and disease conditions. Intriguingly, recent investigations of chronic inflammatory diseases argue for an emerging role of pMSC in several pathological processes. In response to tissue injuries and with the release of host cell debris (e.g. alarmins), pMSC can detach from vessels and proliferate to give rise to either lipofibroblasts, osteoblasts involved in the ossification of arteries and myofibroblasts contributing to fibrosis. This review will discuss currently available data that suggest a role of pMSC in tissue homeostasis and pathogenesis of the synovial tissue and joints. Graphical abstract.
与骨髓间充质干细胞 (MSC) 群体理解的重大进展形成对比的是，人们对存在于滑膜关节中的 MSC 及其在组织稳态、慢性炎症以及修复中的可能作用知之甚少。神经嵴是一种短暂的胚胎结构，可产生多能 MSC，这些 MSC 能够沿着外周神经和血管迁移，定植于大多数组织类型。在成年期，这些 MSC 可以作为淋巴细胞祖细胞的干细胞龛提供功能性基质支持，例如在骨髓和胸腺中。至关重要的是，MSC 具有主要的免疫调节活性，可以控制不良炎症和感染。这些 MSC 将继续与血管相关（血管周 MSC），并且它们独特的标记物表达，如髓鞘 P0 和转录因子（例如 Gli1 和 FoxD1），对于开发转基因小鼠以追踪这些细胞在健康和疾病条件下的命运至关重要。有趣的是，最近对慢性炎症性疾病的研究表明，血管周 MSC 在几种病理过程中具有新兴作用。作为对组织损伤的反应，并随着宿主细胞碎片的释放（例如警报素），血管周 MSC 可以从血管上脱离并增殖，产生参与动脉骨化的脂肪成纤维细胞、成骨细胞和参与纤维化的肌成纤维细胞。这篇综述将讨论目前可用的数据，这些数据表明血管周 MSC 在滑膜组织和关节的组织稳态和发病机制中发挥作用。图表摘要。
