Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
Indian Institute of Chemical Biology-Translational Research Unit of Excellence (IICB-TRUE), Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
J Med Virol. 2021 Mar;93(3):1296-1303. doi: 10.1002/jmv.26521. Epub 2020 Sep 28.
The recent outbreak of the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, has emerged to be highly pathogenic in nature. Although lungs are considered as the primary infected organs by SARS-CoV-2, some of the other organs, including the brain, have also been found to be affected. Here, we have discussed how SARS-CoV-2 might infect the brain. The infection of the respiratory center in the brainstem could be hypothesized to be responsible for the respiratory failure in many COVID-19 patients. The virus might gain entry through the olfactory bulb and invade various parts of the brain, including the brainstem. Alternatively, the entry might also occur from peripheral circulation into the central nervous system by compromising the blood-brain barrier. Finally, yet another possible entry route could be its dispersal from the lungs into the vagus nerve via the pulmonary stretch receptors, eventually reaching the brainstem. Therefore, screening neurological symptoms in COVID-19 patients, especially toward the breakdown of the respiratory center in the brainstem, might help us better understand this disease.
新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)的爆发具有高度致病性。尽管肺被认为是 SARS-CoV-2 的主要感染器官,但一些其他器官,包括大脑,也已被发现受到影响。在这里,我们讨论了 SARS-CoV-2 如何感染大脑。感染脑干的呼吸中枢可能是导致许多 COVID-19 患者呼吸衰竭的原因。病毒可能通过嗅球进入,并侵犯大脑的各个部位,包括脑干。或者,病毒也可能通过破坏血脑屏障从外周循环进入中枢神经系统。最后,另一种可能的进入途径是病毒从肺部通过肺牵张感受器散布到迷走神经,最终到达脑干。因此,对 COVID-19 患者进行神经系统症状筛查,特别是针对脑干呼吸中枢的崩溃,可能有助于我们更好地了解这种疾病。
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