Alrutz Anna Stowe, Buetow Stephen, Cameron Linda D, Huggard Peter Kenneth
School of Population Health, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
Department of Psychology, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
Healthcare (Basel). 2020 Sep 21;8(3):350. doi: 10.3390/healthcare8030350.
Emergency responders (police, fire, ambulance and defence force personnel) risk exposure to dangerous and traumatic events, and the possible subsequent development of post-traumatic stress disorder. Consequently, partners of these emergency responders risk developing secondary traumatic stress (STS) from vicarious exposure to the trauma through communication and engagement with their responders. A mixed-methods study of the partners of emergency responders in New Zealand examined the extent of such partner-associated STS. This article focuses on two research questions: to what extent were risk factors for STS identified within that population, and what did the participants believe may help them to mitigate the impact of STS. An online anonymous survey was developed and eligible participants completed a 17-item STS scale, a social support measure, and answered several open-ended questions. Of the 646 participants, twenty percent appear to be experiencing intrusion, arousal, and avoidance symptoms related to the trauma experienced by their responder. Almost half stated they have little or no emotional/informational support related to their responder's work. Thematic analysis of free-text responses identified the need for additional support and more direct communication/engagement from the organisations for partners to navigate their experiences of STS and the level of social support received and required. The authors conclude with recommendations to emergency responder organisations.
应急响应人员(警察、消防员、救护人员和国防部队人员)面临接触危险和创伤性事件的风险,以及随后可能出现创伤后应激障碍。因此,这些应急响应人员的伴侣有因通过与他们的响应者交流和接触而间接接触创伤事件,从而产生继发性创伤应激(STS)的风险。一项针对新西兰应急响应人员伴侣的混合方法研究,考察了这种与伴侣相关的STS的程度。本文聚焦于两个研究问题:在该人群中确定的STS风险因素的程度如何,以及参与者认为什么可能有助于减轻STS的影响。开展了一项在线匿名调查,符合条件的参与者完成了一份包含17个条目的STS量表、一项社会支持测量,并回答了几个开放式问题。在646名参与者中,20%的人似乎出现了与他们的响应者所经历的创伤相关的侵入、唤醒和回避症状。近一半的人表示,他们在与响应者工作相关的情感/信息支持方面很少或没有得到支持。对自由文本回复的主题分析确定,需要组织提供更多支持以及更直接的沟通/接触,以便伴侣应对他们的STS经历以及所获得和需要的社会支持水平。作者最后对应急响应组织提出了建议。