Xia Yuliang, He Yang, Zhang Fenghua, Liu Yanju, Leng Jinsong
Center for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), Harbin, 150080, P. R. China.
Department of Astronautical Science and Mechanics, Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), Harbin, 150001, P. R. China.
Adv Mater. 2021 Feb;33(6):e2000713. doi: 10.1002/adma.202000713. Epub 2020 Sep 23.
Over the past decades, interest in shape memory polymers (SMPs) has persisted, and immense efforts have been dedicated to developing SMPs and their multifunctional composites. As a class of stimuli-responsive polymers, SMPs can return to their initial shape from a programmed temporary shape under external stimuli, such as light, heat, magnetism, and electricity. The introduction of functional materials and nanostructures results in shape memory polymer composites (SMPCs) with large recoverable deformation, enhanced mechanical properties, and controllable remote actuation. Because of these unique features, SMPCs have a broad application prospect in many fields covering aerospace engineering, biomedical devices, flexible electronics, soft robotics, shape memory arrays, and 4D printing. Herein, a comprehensive analysis of the shape recovery mechanisms, multifunctionality, applications, and recent advances in SMPs and SMPCs is presented. Specifically, the combination of functional, reversible, multiple, and controllable shape recovery processes is discussed. Further, established products from such materials are highlighted. Finally, potential directions for the future advancement of SMPs are proposed.
在过去几十年里，人们对形状记忆聚合物（SMPs）的兴趣一直存在，并且已经付出了巨大努力来开发SMPs及其多功能复合材料。作为一类刺激响应型聚合物，SMPs在外部刺激（如光、热、磁和电）作用下可以从设定的临时形状恢复到初始形状。功能材料和纳米结构的引入产生了具有大的可恢复变形、增强的机械性能和可控远程驱动的形状记忆聚合物复合材料（SMPCs）。由于这些独特的特性，SMPCs在航空航天工程、生物医学设备、柔性电子学、软体机器人、形状记忆阵列和4D打印等许多领域具有广阔的应用前景。在此，对SMPs和SMPCs的形状恢复机制、多功能性、应用及最新进展进行了全面分析。具体讨论了功能、可逆、多重和可控形状恢复过程的结合。此外，还重点介绍了由这类材料制成的现有产品。最后，提出了SMPs未来发展的潜在方向。
