Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Handb Clin Neurol. 2020;174:77-81. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-64148-9.00006-5.
Borderline intellectual functioning (BIF), that is to say, tested IQ levels in the range of 70-84/85, is prevalent, affecting about 12%-14% of the population depending on the exact level for "diagnostic" cutoff. In the current Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, BIF does not have a separate diagnostic category but can be categorized with a V-code. Children and adolescents with BIF usually struggle both as regards school performance and in respect of social functioning. BIF is common in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, but sometimes attention problems in schoolchildren with BIF may be a consequence of nonadapted academic demands. Autism and BIF may also coexist, and there are many cases of so-called high-functioning autism who are high functioning only in the sense that they do not meet criteria for intellectual disability, but function in the area of BIF. Currently, too little attention is given to the negative effects of BIF on child development and adaptation. Learning, academic, and behavioral problems and grade retention may be markers of BIF. Our diagnostic and classification manuals need to have specific categories that clarify the problems that BIF entails so that affected individuals can avail themselves of better educational support and understanding.
边缘智力功能（BIF），也就是说，测试智商在 70-84/85 范围内，较为常见，根据“诊断”截止的确切水平，影响约 12%-14%的人口。在当前的《精神障碍诊断与统计手册》中，BIF 没有单独的诊断类别，但可以归类为 V 代码。患有 BIF 的儿童和青少年在学业成绩和社交功能方面通常都很吃力。BIF 在注意力缺陷多动障碍中很常见，但有时 BIF 学龄儿童的注意力问题可能是由于不适应的学业要求造成的。自闭症和 BIF 也可能同时存在，许多所谓的高功能自闭症患者只是在他们不符合智力残疾标准的意义上具有高功能，但在 BIF 领域具有功能。目前，人们对 BIF 对儿童发展和适应的负面影响关注太少。学习、学业和行为问题以及留级可能是 BIF 的标志。我们的诊断和分类手册需要有明确 BIF 所带来问题的特定类别，以便受影响的个体能够获得更好的教育支持和理解。
