Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Division of Clinical Epidemiology McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.
Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
J Clin Epidemiol. 2021 Jan;129:191-197. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2020.08.018. Epub 2020 Sep 24.
Numerous studies have demonstrated that sex (a biological variable) and gender (a psychosocial construct) impact health and have discussed the mechanisms that may explain these relationships. Funding agencies have called for all health researchers to incorporate sex and gender into their studies; however, the way forward has been unclear to many, particularly due to the varied definition of gender. We argue that just as there is no standardized definition of gender, there can be no standardized measurement thereof. However, numerous measurable gender-related variables may influence individual or population-level health through various pathways. The initial question should guide the selection of specific gender-related variables based on their relevance to the study, to prospectively incorporate gender into research. We outline various methods to provide clarification on how to incorporate gender into the design of prospective clinical and epidemiological studies as well as methods for statistical analysis.
大量研究表明，性别（生物变量）和性别认同（社会心理构建）会影响健康，并探讨了可能解释这些关系的机制。资助机构呼吁所有健康研究人员将性别纳入其研究中；然而，由于性别认同的定义各不相同，许多人对前进的道路并不清楚。我们认为，正如性别认同没有标准化的定义，也不可能有标准化的衡量方法。然而，许多可衡量的性别相关变量可能通过各种途径影响个体或人群的健康。最初的问题应该指导基于相关性选择具体的性别相关变量，以便有针对性地将性别纳入研究。我们概述了各种方法，以说明如何将性别纳入前瞻性临床和流行病学研究的设计中，以及用于统计分析的方法。
