Dianat-Moghadam Hassan, Mahari Amir, Heidarifard Maryam, Parnianfard Negin, Pourmousavi-Kh Laleh, Rahbarghazi Reza, Amoozgar Zohreh
Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Department of Chemical Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Ahar Branch, Ahar, Iran.
Cancer Lett. 2021 Jan 28;497:41-53. doi: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.09.021. Epub 2020 Sep 26.
Metastasis is the major cause of cancer-related deaths. Invasive primary cancers often metastasize after circulating tumor cells (CTCs) enter the bloodstream or lymph node to colonize adjacent tissue or distant anatomical locations. CTCs interact with immune cells and metastatic microenvironments, survival signaling, and chemotherapeutic resistance. Among immune cells, natural killer (NK) cells can, directly and indirectly, interact with CTCs to control cancer metastasis. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that drive NK cells mediated recognition and elimination of CTCs may pave the way for a new generation of anti-CTC molecularly targeted immunotherapies. In this review, we will discuss i) the role of CTCs in metastases, ii) CTCs in the context of the tumor microenvironment, iii) CTCs immune escape, and finally, iv) the potentials of NK cell-based therapies alone, or in combination with nanomedicine for targeted-immunotherapies of metastatic diseases.
转移是癌症相关死亡的主要原因。侵袭性原发性癌症通常在循环肿瘤细胞（CTC）进入血液或淋巴结以在邻近组织或远处解剖位置定植后发生转移。CTC与免疫细胞、转移微环境、生存信号和化疗耐药性相互作用。在免疫细胞中，自然杀伤（NK）细胞可以直接和间接地与CTC相互作用以控制癌症转移。了解驱动NK细胞介导的对CTC识别和消除的分子机制可能为新一代抗CTC分子靶向免疫疗法铺平道路。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论：i）CTC在转移中的作用；ii）肿瘤微环境中的CTC；iii）CTC免疫逃逸；最后，iv）单独使用基于NK细胞的疗法或与纳米医学联合用于转移性疾病靶向免疫疗法的潜力。
