Gaussian Mixture Model and Self-Organizing Map Neural-Network-Based Coverage for Target Search in Curve-Shape Area.

This article focuses on the target search problem in a curve-shape area using multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), with the demand for obtaining the maximum cumulative detection reward, as well as the constraint of maneuverability and obstacle avoidance. First, the prior target probability map of the curve-shape area, generated by Parzen windows with Gaussian kernels, is approximated by the 1-D Gaussian mixture model (GMM) in order to extract some high-value curve segments corresponding to Gaussian components. Based on the parameterized curve segments from GMM, the self-organizing map (SOM) neural network is then established to achieve the coverage search. The step of winner neuron selection in SOM will prioritize and allocate the curve segments to UAVs, with the comprehensive consideration of multiple evaluation factors and allocation balance. The following step of neuron weight update will plan the UAV paths under the constraint of maneuverability and obstacle avoidance, using the modified Dubins guidance vector field. Finally, the good performance of GMM-SOM is evaluated on a coastline map.