Hjaltadottir Katrin, Haraldsdottir Kristin Huld, Moller Pall Helgi
Surgery Department The Sahlgrenska Hospital Gothenburg, Sweden.
Surgery Department Landspítali University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine University of Iceland, Reykjavík.
Laeknabladid. 2020 Oct;106(10):464-472. doi: 10.17992/lbl.2020.10.602.
The prevalence of gallstones is 20 % making it one of the most common causes for admissions to surgical wards. It seems that admissions and operations for gallstone disease are increasing. Gallstones are formed in the gallbladder but can also form in the biliary tree and most are made of cholesterol which is absorbed from the diet. Risk factors for gallstones and gallstone related disease are for example female gender, obesity and rapid weight loss. Most patients with gallstones never experience any symptoms but the risk of presenting with complications related to gallstones is two percent per year. Patients with gallstones can present with pain or other more serious complications that demand surgical treatment and follow-up. This article will cover pathophysiology, complications, diagnosis and treatment of gallstone disease.
胆结石的患病率为20%，这使其成为外科病房收治的最常见病因之一。胆结石疾病的收治和手术似乎在增加。胆结石在胆囊中形成，但也可在胆管树中形成，大多数胆结石由从饮食中吸收的胆固醇构成。胆结石及与胆结石相关疾病的风险因素包括女性、肥胖和快速减重等。大多数胆结石患者从未出现任何症状，但每年出现与胆结石相关并发症的风险为2%。胆结石患者可能出现疼痛或其他需要手术治疗及随访的更严重并发症。本文将涵盖胆结石疾病的病理生理学、并发症、诊断和治疗。
