Department of Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, LMU Munich, Leopoldstraße 13, 80802, Munich, Germany.
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Centre - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany.
Sleep Med Rev. 2021 Feb;55:101383. doi: 10.1016/j.smrv.2020.101383. Epub 2020 Sep 8.
Trauma-induced insomnia is a symptom of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and is reported to be particularly distressing and often persists even after remission of the core symptoms of PTSD. Recently, it has been suggested that fear of sleep plays an important role in the development and maintenance of trauma-induced insomnia. The aim of this review is to propose a conceptual model of fear of sleep as a maintaining factor of trauma-induced insomnia. After a brief overview of the role of sleep in PTSD, the concept of fear of sleep is introduced. Theoretical considerations and empirical findings on the role of fear of sleep for trauma-induced insomnia in the context of PTSD are summarized and integrated. Specifically, links between PTSD symptoms and fear of sleep are presented, as well as possible consequences of fear of sleep leading to trauma-induced insomnia. Finally, we highlight methodological issues, identify areas for future research, and discuss potential clinical implications.
创伤后失眠是创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）的一种症状，据报道，这种失眠尤其令人痛苦，而且即使 PTSD 的核心症状缓解后仍常常持续存在。最近，有人提出，对睡眠的恐惧在创伤后失眠的发展和维持中起着重要作用。本综述旨在提出睡眠恐惧作为创伤后失眠维持因素的概念模型。在简要概述睡眠在 PTSD 中的作用后，引入了对睡眠恐惧的概念。总结并整合了 PTSD 背景下睡眠恐惧对创伤后失眠的作用的理论考虑和实证发现。具体来说，呈现了 PTSD 症状与睡眠恐惧之间的联系，以及睡眠恐惧可能导致创伤后失眠的后果。最后，我们强调了方法学问题，确定了未来研究的领域，并讨论了潜在的临床意义。
