Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy.
Sensors (Basel). 2020 Sep 27;20(19):5525. doi: 10.3390/s20195525.
In the last decade, Raman Spectroscopy (RS) was demonstrated to be a label-free, non-invasive and non-destructive optical spectroscopy allowing the improvement in diagnostic accuracy in cancer and analytical assessment for cell sensing. This review discusses how Raman spectra can lead to a deeper molecular understanding of the biochemical changes in cancer cells in comparison to non-cancer cells, analyzing two key examples, leukemia and breast cancer. The reported Raman results provide information on cancer progression and allow the identification, classification, and follow-up after chemotherapy treatments of the cancer cells from the liquid biopsy. The key obstacles for RS applications in cancer cell diagnosis, including quality, objectivity, number of cells and velocity of the analysis, are considered. The use of multivariant analysis, such as principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminate analysis (LDA), for an automatic and objective assessment without any specialized knowledge of spectroscopy is presented. Raman imaging for cancer cell mapping is shown and its advantages for routine clinical pathology practice and live cell imaging, compared to single-point spectral analysis, are debated. Additionally, the combination of RS with microfluidic devices and high-throughput screening for improving the velocity and the number of cells analyzed are also discussed. Finally, the combination of the Raman microscopy (RM) with other imaging modalities, for complete visualization and characterization of the cells, is described.
在过去的十年中，拉曼光谱（RS）已被证明是一种无标记、非侵入性和非破坏性的光学光谱技术，可提高癌症的诊断准确性和用于细胞分析的分析评估。本综述讨论了与非癌细胞相比，拉曼光谱如何导致对癌细胞生化变化的更深入的分子理解，分析了白血病和乳腺癌这两个关键示例。报告的拉曼结果提供了有关癌症进展的信息，并允许从液体活检中识别、分类和跟踪癌细胞的化疗治疗。考虑了 RS 在癌细胞诊断中的应用所面临的关键障碍，包括质量、客观性、细胞数量和分析速度。介绍了使用多元分析（如主成分分析（PCA）和线性判别分析（LDA））进行自动和客观评估的方法，无需对光谱学有任何专门知识。展示了拉曼成像在癌症细胞图谱中的应用，并与单点光谱分析相比，讨论了其在常规临床病理学实践和活细胞成像中的优势。此外，还讨论了将 RS 与微流控装置和高通量筛选相结合，以提高分析的速度和细胞数量。最后，描述了拉曼显微镜（RM）与其他成像方式的结合，用于对细胞进行完整的可视化和特征描述。
