Suzumura Ayana, Terao Ryo, Kaneko Hiroki
Department of Ophthalmology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan.
Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
Antioxidants (Basel). 2020 Sep 26;9(10):920. doi: 10.3390/antiox9100920.
Oxidative stress and inflammation play crucial roles in the development and progression of retinal diseases. Retinal damage by various etiologies can result in retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), diabetic retinopathy (DR), and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). n-3 fatty acids are essential fatty acids and are necessary for homeostasis. They are important retinal membrane components and are involved in energy storage. n-3 fatty acids also have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, and their suppressive effects against ROP, DR, and AMD have been previously evaluated. α-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and their metabolites have been shown to alleviate retinal oxidative stress and inflammation involving various biological signaling pathways. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the n-3 fatty acids effects on the mechanisms of these retinal diseases and how they exert their therapeutic effects, focusing on ALA, EPA, DHA, and their metabolites. This knowledge may provide new remedial strategies for n-3 fatty acids in the prevention and treatment of retinal diseases associated with oxidative stress and inflammation.
氧化应激和炎症在视网膜疾病的发生和发展中起着关键作用。各种病因导致的视网膜损伤可引发早产儿视网膜病变（ROP）、糖尿病视网膜病变（DR）和年龄相关性黄斑变性（AMD）。n-3脂肪酸是必需脂肪酸，对体内平衡至关重要。它们是重要的视网膜膜成分，参与能量储存。n-3脂肪酸还具有抗氧化和抗炎特性，其对ROP、DR和AMD的抑制作用此前已得到评估。α-亚麻酸（ALA）、二十碳五烯酸（EPA）、二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）及其代谢产物已被证明可减轻涉及各种生物信号通路的视网膜氧化应激和炎症。在本综述中，我们总结了目前对n-3脂肪酸对这些视网膜疾病机制的影响以及它们如何发挥治疗作用的理解，重点关注ALA、EPA、DHA及其代谢产物。这些知识可能为n-3脂肪酸预防和治疗与氧化应激和炎症相关的视网膜疾病提供新的治疗策略。
